Pain Intervention

Question 1

what type of pain meds are used for mild to moderate pain

Answer 1

non opioids such as acetaminophen and ibuprofen

target PNS

Question 2

why are non opioids called “ceiling effect”

Answer 2

you can only get so much response, may alleviate the pain all together or it won’t at all

Question 3

what type of pain meds are used for moderate to severe pain

Answer 3

opioids such as morphine, fentanyl, and dilaudid (target CNS)

Question 4

do opioids have a “ceiling effect”

Answer 4

no

Question 5

what is used to wean from opioids and to treat severe or chronic pain

Answer 5

methadone

Question 6

what are 6 other types of meds that can be used as adjunct therapy

Answer 6

anticonvulsants
antidepressants
sedatives
muscle relaxants
antianxiety meds
and steroids

Question 7

what is good for conscience sedation but NOT for long term use

Answer 7

demerol

Question 8

what 3 forms come orally

Answer 8

liquid, pill, and lollipop

Question 9

what 3 ways can pain medication be admin intravenously

Answer 9

bolus, continuous, and PCA (children as young as 4 years)

Question 10

what topical works great for things that are more SCHEDULED and NOT hurried

Answer 10

EMLA because you have to apply it 1-2.5 hours before painful event

Question 11

what can EMLA (combination of meds) be used on but what should you avoid doing an hour after application

Answer 11

used on intact skin (not used on infants less than 3 months)

avoid starting an IV in the first hour because it causes vasoconstriction

Question 12

what topical should you wait 20-30 minutes after application for it to start taking affect

Answer 12

LMX4 (just lidocaine)

doesn’t take long to take effect but does NOT last long

Question 13

an instant topical anesthetic skin refrigerant that temporarily controls pain

Answer 13

pain ease (works for up to one minute) no doctors order needed

Question 14

what does pain ease work for

Answer 14

needle procedures, minor surgical procedures, bruises, swelling, minor sprain, CUTs and abrasions

Question 15

what is LAT gel or liquid good for

Answer 15

non intact skin for those who need sutures (NOT good on tips of fingers, nose, penis)

Question 16

how long does LAT start to take effect

Answer 16

10-15 minutes

Question 17

for fentanyl patches what is the onset and duration (for children 12 and up)

Answer 17

onset= 12-24 hours
duration= 72 hours

Question 18

when is respiratory depression most likely to occur?

Answer 18

although it is rare, it is most likely to occur with the initial dose when there is NO history of previous exposure

Question 19

what should be done if respirations become depressed

Answer 19

reduce infusion is continuous
stimulate client
administer oxygen

Question 20

what should be done if child cannot be aroused or is apneic

Answer 20

administer narcan (naloxone) opioid antagonist

Question 21

what is a common side effect of opioids and what should be done to prevent it

Answer 21

constipation!
admin stool softener or laxative
increase fluid and fiber

Question 22

if pt has pruritus what should be given

Answer 22

diphenhydramine or hydroxyzine