Pain Intervention Flashcards
what type of pain meds are used for mild to moderate pain
non opioids such as acetaminophen and ibuprofen
target PNS
why are non opioids called “ceiling effect”
you can only get so much response, may alleviate the pain all together or it won’t at all
what type of pain meds are used for moderate to severe pain
opioids such as morphine, fentanyl, and dilaudid (target CNS)
do opioids have a “ceiling effect”
no
what is used to wean from opioids and to treat severe or chronic pain
methadone
what are 6 other types of meds that can be used as adjunct therapy
anticonvulsants antidepressants sedatives muscle relaxants antianxiety meds and steroids
what is good for conscience sedation but NOT for long term use
demerol
what 3 forms come orally
liquid, pill, and lollipop
what 3 ways can pain medication be admin intravenously
bolus, continuous, and PCA (children as young as 4 years)
what topical works great for things that are more SCHEDULED and NOT hurried
EMLA because you have to apply it 1-2.5 hours before painful event
what can EMLA (combination of meds) be used on but what should you avoid doing an hour after application
used on intact skin (not used on infants less than 3 months)
avoid starting an IV in the first hour because it causes vasoconstriction
what topical should you wait 20-30 minutes after application for it to start taking affect
LMX4 (just lidocaine)
doesn’t take long to take effect but does NOT last long
an instant topical anesthetic skin refrigerant that temporarily controls pain
pain ease (works for up to one minute) no doctors order needed
what does pain ease work for
needle procedures, minor surgical procedures, bruises, swelling, minor sprain, CUTs and abrasions
what is LAT gel or liquid good for
non intact skin for those who need sutures (NOT good on tips of fingers, nose, penis)
how long does LAT start to take effect
10-15 minutes
for fentanyl patches what is the onset and duration (for children 12 and up)
onset= 12-24 hours duration= 72 hours
when is respiratory depression most likely to occur?
although it is rare, it is most likely to occur with the initial dose when there is NO history of previous exposure
what should be done if respirations become depressed
reduce infusion is continuous
stimulate client
administer oxygen
what should be done if child cannot be aroused or is apneic
administer narcan (naloxone) opioid antagonist
what is a common side effect of opioids and what should be done to prevent it
constipation!
admin stool softener or laxative
increase fluid and fiber
if pt has pruritus what should be given
diphenhydramine or hydroxyzine
