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ACCP > The Cells > Flashcards

The Cells Flashcards

1
Q

Rough endoplasmic reticulum / Ribosome functions

A

Ribosomes take DNA/RNA and turn them into functional proteins

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2
Q

Nucleus contains

A

DNA in the form of chromosomes

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3
Q

Chromosomes are

A

Condensed form of DNA

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4
Q

Cytoplasm is

A

all the fluid within the cells & organelles

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5
Q

Nucleus contains

A

All the DNA & RNA

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6
Q

What is chromatin

A

the tangled spread out form of DNA found inside the nuclear membrane

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7
Q

Where are ribosomes made

A

Inside the nucleus, in the nucleolus

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8
Q

Ribosomes function

A

synthesising/making proteins

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9
Q

endoplasmic reticulum functions

A

membrane enclosed passageway for transporting materials i.e. proteins

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10
Q

how do proteins leave the ER

A

by vesicles

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11
Q

Function of Golgi apparatus (initial)

A

to receive the protein containing vesicles

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12
Q

function internally of the Golgi apparatus

A

Customise proteins into forms that the cell can use

by changing shape and adding other materials onto them

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13
Q

lysosome function

A

remove damaged or worn out cell parts by using enzymes which can break them down

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14
Q

mitochondria function

A

powerhouse of the cell - making ATP through cellular respiration

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15
Q

what cells are pluripotent

A

stem cells

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16
Q

the process that allows stem cells to transform into any kind of cell is known as cell

A

differentiation

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17
Q

two types of adult stem cells

A

embryonic stem cells, adult/somatic stem cells

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18
Q

haemoglobin binds to what

A

oxygen

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19
Q

haemoglobin is comprised of what

A

heme molecule and globin molecule

20
Q

heme molecules are formed from what

A

succinyl- CoA and glycine (4 of these molecules bind together with iron)

21
Q

cells can be two types which are

A

prokaryotic or eukaryotic

22
Q

eukaryote cells are

A

oragnisms that are made up of eukaryotic cells

23
Q

prokaryote is a

A

prokaryotic cell

24
Q

Nucleus contain

A

containing genetic material that controls the activities of the cell

25
Q

cytoplasm is

A

a gel like substance where most of the chemical reactions happen, it contains enzymes that control these chemical reactionsc

26
Q

cell membrane is

A

holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out

27
Q

mitochrondria is

A

where most of the reactions for aerobic repiration take place. respiration transfers energy that the cell need to work

28
Q

ribosomes are

A

where the proteins are made in the cell

29
Q

bacterial cells are called

A

prokaryotes

30
Q

do bacterial cells have a nucleus

A

no they have a single circular strand of dna that floats freely in the cytoplasm

31
Q

what are plasmids

A

they are small rings of dna contained in a prokaryote cell

32
Q

what is differentiation

A

the process by which a cell changes to become specialised for its job

33
Q

as cells change they develop different …. …. and turn into different types of cells which allows them to carry out specific functions

A

subcellular structures

34
Q

4 specialised cells

A

sperm cells,
nerve cells
muscle cells

35
Q

sperm cells are specialised for

A

reproduction

36
Q

nerve cells are specialised for

A

rapid signalling

37
Q

muscle cells are specialised for

A

contraction

38
Q

the nucleus contains your genetic material in the form of

A

chromasomes

39
Q

chromosomes are coiled up lengths of

A

dna molecules

40
Q

each chromosome carries a large number of

A

genes

41
Q

different genes control the development of different

A

characteristics i.e. hair colours

42
Q

how many pairs of chromosomes are in a human cell

A

32

43
Q

body cells in multicellular organisms —- to produce new cells as part of a series of stages called the – —

A

divide, cell cycle

44
Q

the stage of the cell cycle when the cell divides is called

A

mitosis

45
Q

multicellular organisms use mitosis to

A

grow or replace cells that have been damaged

46
Q
A

ACCP (20 decks)

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