The Cells

Question 1

Rough endoplasmic reticulum / Ribosome functions

Answer 1

Ribosomes take DNA/RNA and turn them into functional proteins

Question 2

Nucleus contains

Answer 2

DNA in the form of chromosomes

Question 3

Chromosomes are

Answer 3

Condensed form of DNA

Question 4

Cytoplasm is

Answer 4

all the fluid within the cells & organelles

Question 5

Nucleus contains

Answer 5

All the DNA & RNA

Question 6

What is chromatin

Answer 6

the tangled spread out form of DNA found inside the nuclear membrane

Question 7

Where are ribosomes made

Answer 7

Inside the nucleus, in the nucleolus

Question 8

Ribosomes function

Answer 8

synthesising/making proteins

Question 9

endoplasmic reticulum functions

Answer 9

membrane enclosed passageway for transporting materials i.e. proteins

Question 10

how do proteins leave the ER

Answer 10

by vesicles

Question 11

Function of Golgi apparatus (initial)

Answer 11

to receive the protein containing vesicles

Question 12

function internally of the Golgi apparatus

Answer 12

Customise proteins into forms that the cell can use

by changing shape and adding other materials onto them

Question 13

lysosome function

Answer 13

remove damaged or worn out cell parts by using enzymes which can break them down

Question 14

mitochondria function

Answer 14

powerhouse of the cell - making ATP through cellular respiration

Question 15

what cells are pluripotent

Answer 15

stem cells

Question 16

the process that allows stem cells to transform into any kind of cell is known as cell

Answer 16

differentiation

Question 17

two types of adult stem cells

Answer 17

embryonic stem cells, adult/somatic stem cells

Question 18

haemoglobin binds to what

Answer 18

oxygen

Question 19

haemoglobin is comprised of what

Answer 19

heme molecule and globin molecule

Question 20

heme molecules are formed from what

Answer 20

succinyl- CoA and glycine (4 of these molecules bind together with iron)

Question 21

cells can be two types which are

Answer 21

prokaryotic or eukaryotic

Question 22

eukaryote cells are

Answer 22

oragnisms that are made up of eukaryotic cells

Question 23

prokaryote is a

Answer 23

prokaryotic cell

Question 24

Nucleus contain

Answer 24

containing genetic material that controls the activities of the cell

Question 25

cytoplasm is

Answer 25

a gel like substance where most of the chemical reactions happen, it contains enzymes that control these chemical reactionsc

Question 26

cell membrane is

Answer 26

holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out

Question 27

mitochrondria is

Answer 27

where most of the reactions for aerobic repiration take place. respiration transfers energy that the cell need to work

Question 28

ribosomes are

Answer 28

where the proteins are made in the cell

Question 29

bacterial cells are called

Answer 29

prokaryotes

Question 30

do bacterial cells have a nucleus

Answer 30

no they have a single circular strand of dna that floats freely in the cytoplasm

Question 31

what are plasmids

Answer 31

they are small rings of dna contained in a prokaryote cell

Question 32

what is differentiation

Answer 32

the process by which a cell changes to become specialised for its job

Question 33

as cells change they develop different .... .... and turn into different types of cells which allows them to carry out specific functions

Answer 33

subcellular structures

Question 34

4 specialised cells

Answer 34

sperm cells, nerve cells muscle cells

Question 35

sperm cells are specialised for

Answer 35

reproduction

Question 36

nerve cells are specialised for

Answer 36

rapid signalling

Question 37

muscle cells are specialised for

Answer 37

contraction

Question 38

the nucleus contains your genetic material in the form of

Answer 38

chromasomes

Question 39

chromosomes are coiled up lengths of

Answer 39

dna molecules

Question 40

each chromosome carries a large number of

Answer 40

genes

Question 41

different genes control the development of different

Answer 41

characteristics i.e. hair colours

Question 42

how many pairs of chromosomes are in a human cell

Answer 42

32

Question 43

body cells in multicellular organisms ---- to produce new cells as part of a series of stages called the -- ---

Answer 43

divide, cell cycle

Question 44

the stage of the cell cycle when the cell divides is called

Answer 44

mitosis

Question 45

multicellular organisms use mitosis to

Answer 45

grow or replace cells that have been damaged