Blood

Question 1

BP =

Answer 1

CO x SVR

Question 2

CO is

Answer 2

The volume of blood thats being ejected by the heart per minute

Question 3

SVR is

Answer 3

Systemic vascular resistance , this is the resistance that blood encounters through blood vessels

Question 4

Cardiac output contributes of

Answer 4

Stroke Volume and Heart Rate

i.e. 70ml x 70 times a minute = 5L per minute

Question 5

Systemic Vascular Resistance consists of:

Answer 5

Constricted vessels have increased SVR, increasing BP

Question 6

Factors which affect Stroke Volume

Answer 6

Blood volume, Contractility

Question 7

Factors that affect BP

Answer 7

Blood volume, contractility, heart rate, SVR

Question 8

Aim of anti HTN drugs that affect SVR

Answer 8

Reduce SVR by dilating blood vessels

Question 9

BP is dropped by reducing contractility how

Answer 9

reducing the calcium, calcium influx causes muscles to contract

Question 10

Anti HTN Drugs that concentrate on reducing blood volume

Answer 10

Inhibiting the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (which, when stimulated increases blood volume)
OR
Giving a patient a diuretic which increases u/o, reducing blood volume

Question 11

Three types of HTN

Answer 11

Primary (Essential) HTN
Secondary HTN (due to underlying cause)
Malignant HTN (associated with organ damage)

Question 12

Beta Blockers action

Question 13

adrenergic receptors names

Answer 13

Alpha 1
Alpha 2
Beta 1
Beta 2
Beta 3

Question 14

adrenergic receptors names specifically on the heart and kidneys

Answer 14

beta 1

Question 15

beta 2 affects

Answer 15

vascular smooth muscle, bronchioles of the lungs, skeletal muscles

Question 16

beta 3 affects

Answer 16

fat cells

Question 17

selective beta 1 blockers

Answer 17

LOL’s
atenolol
metorpolol

specifically bind to the beta 1 receptors in the heart and kidneys

Question 18

what affect does beta 1 betablockers have on the kidneys

Answer 18

binds to the specific b1 receptors on the kidneys releasing less renin by the kidneys

Question 19

non specific beta blockers name

Answer 19

propanolol

Question 20

non specific betablocker affects

Answer 20

b1 b2 b3

Question 21

issue with giving b2 to what patients

Answer 21

those with restrictive lung diseases

Question 22

ACE stands for what

Answer 22

angiotensin converting enzyme

Question 23

what does ACE inhibitors do

Answer 23

blocks angiotensin 1 converting into angiotensin 2

Question 24

angiotensin 2 affects within the body

Answer 24

vasoconstricts the vessels, increasing SVR
releases aldosterone

Question 25

aldosterone affect within the body

Answer 25

promotes NA reabsorption in the kidneys, more NA = more water in the blood= more blood volume, also stimulates the release of ADH

Question 26

angiotensin 2 inhibitors aim

Answer 26

to stop all of the processes done by angiotensin 2 and aldosterone

Question 27

ace inhibitor aim

Answer 27

to stop angiotensin 1 converting to angiotensin 2

Question 28

name of angiotensin 2 inhibitor

Answer 28

candersartan

Question 29

Ca channel blocker aim

Answer 29

inhibiting the depolarisation of the AV SV node, slowing HR down, reducing contractility

Question 30

Nifedepine

Answer 30

prodomently acts on calcium channels found on the vascular smooth muscle blocking Ca affect, dilating blood vessels - decreasing SVR - decreasing bp also acts on aldosterone receptor antagonist aswell

Question 31

veramapil (nifedpine like drug)

Answer 31

- blocks ca channels at the nodes, acts on conductive tissue, reducing arrhythmias, common anti arrhythmias.

Question 32

Diltiazem aim

Answer 32

blocks the ca channels at coronary vasculature

Question 33

diuretic process

Answer 33

acts on the nephrons, reducing na reabsorption, increasing urine amount

Question 34

thiazides diuretics work where

Answer 34

at the distal convulated tubules, they are longer acting, more effective, stops na being reabsorbed