Anaemia Flashcards

1
Q

What is anaemia

A

A decreased number of RBC in the blood

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2
Q

HB in men (anaemia)

A

<130

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3
Q

HB in women (anaemia)

A

<120, <110 in pregnancy

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4
Q

Common causes of anaemia

A

-Diet insufficiencies, systemic disease,
-primary bone marrow disorders,
-autoimmune conditions,
-primary abnormalities of erythrocytes
-blood loss

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5
Q

types of WBC

A
  • Lymphocyte
  • Monocyte
  • Eosinophil
  • Basophil
    -Neutrophil
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6
Q

Immature RBC called

A

reticulocyte

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7
Q

Mature RBC lifespan

A

120d

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8
Q

Primary function of the erythrocyte

A

Fight infection
Aid blood clotting
transport b12
transport Co2 and O2

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9
Q

how many oxygen molecules can one rbc carry

A

4

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10
Q

Clinical signs of anaemia

A

Fatigue
Dizziness
Headaches
SOB
Lethagy/weakness
Compensatory tachycardia
Bounding pulse/palpitations

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11
Q

Visual clinical exam of anaemia - skin

A

Pale palmar creases
Dermatitis
Pallor
Jaundice
leg ulcers, peripheral neuropathy

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12
Q

Visual clinical exam of anaemia - cardiac

A

Palpitations, Pitting oedema, New onset or worsening angina

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13
Q

Visual clinical exam of anaemia - hands

A

Clubbing, nail discoloration, koilonychia

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14
Q

Visual clinical exam of anaemia - abdo

A

Splenomegaly

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15
Q

Visual clinical exam of anaemia - mouth

A

Glossitis
Angular Stomatitis

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16
Q

3 primary causes of anaemia

A

Reduced production of rbc
haemolysis
haemorrhage

17
Q

Reduced production of RBC Causes

A

nutrient deficiency
hormone deficiency
disease or other conditions

18
Q

Haemolysis is

A

excessive rbc destruction, often hereditory

19
Q

haemorrhage caused by

A

excessive blood loss
GI ulcers
Menstrual heavy loss
OD of aspirin
etc

20
Q

MCV stands for

A

mean cell volume

21
Q

MCV tests what

A

average size of rbc

22
Q

MCV 80-100

A

normocytic

23
Q

MCV <80

A

Microcytic

24
Q

MCV >100

A

Macrocytic

25
MCH stands for
mean cell haemoglobin
26
MCH means
Average concentration of haemoglobin in RBC, the colour of the cells
27
low MCH =
hypochromic
28
Microcytic, hypochromic anaemias cause
IDA, anaemia of chronic disorders, thalassaemia, sideroblastic anaemia
29
Macrocytic, normochromic anaemia cause
B12 deficiency, folate deficiency, alcohol excess, liver disease, thyroid disease
30
normocytic, normochromic anaemia causes
anaemia of chronic disease, acute blood loss, early iron deficiency, anaemia of renal failure
31
a low reticulocyte count would suggest problems with ?
bone marrow
32
reticulocyte is an index of what
the bone marrow health and response to anaemia
33
reticulocyte helps differentiate what
an anaemia that occurs because of bone marrow failure vs haemorrhage or haemolysis
34