Anaemia

Question 1

What is anaemia

Answer 1

A decreased number of RBC in the blood

Question 2

HB in men (anaemia)

Answer 2

<130

Question 3

HB in women (anaemia)

Answer 3

<120, <110 in pregnancy

Question 4

Common causes of anaemia

Answer 4

-Diet insufficiencies, systemic disease,
-primary bone marrow disorders,
-autoimmune conditions,
-primary abnormalities of erythrocytes
-blood loss

Question 5

types of WBC

Answer 5

• Lymphocyte
• Monocyte
• Eosinophil
• Basophil
  -Neutrophil

Question 6

Immature RBC called

Answer 6

reticulocyte

Question 7

Mature RBC lifespan

Answer 7

120d

Question 8

Primary function of the erythrocyte

Answer 8

Fight infection
Aid blood clotting
transport b12
transport Co2 and O2

Question 9

how many oxygen molecules can one rbc carry

Answer 9

4

Question 10

Clinical signs of anaemia

Answer 10

Fatigue
Dizziness
Headaches
SOB
Lethagy/weakness
Compensatory tachycardia
Bounding pulse/palpitations

Question 11

Visual clinical exam of anaemia - skin

Answer 11

Pale palmar creases
Dermatitis
Pallor
Jaundice
leg ulcers, peripheral neuropathy

Question 12

Visual clinical exam of anaemia - cardiac

Answer 12

Palpitations, Pitting oedema, New onset or worsening angina

Question 13

Visual clinical exam of anaemia - hands

Answer 13

Clubbing, nail discoloration, koilonychia

Question 14

Visual clinical exam of anaemia - abdo

Answer 14

Splenomegaly

Question 15

Visual clinical exam of anaemia - mouth

Answer 15

Glossitis
Angular Stomatitis

Question 16

3 primary causes of anaemia

Answer 16

Reduced production of rbc
haemolysis
haemorrhage

Question 17

Reduced production of RBC Causes

Answer 17

nutrient deficiency
hormone deficiency
disease or other conditions

Question 18

Haemolysis is

Answer 18

excessive rbc destruction, often hereditory

Question 19

haemorrhage caused by

Answer 19

excessive blood loss
GI ulcers
Menstrual heavy loss
OD of aspirin
etc

Question 20

MCV stands for

Answer 20

mean cell volume

Question 21

MCV tests what

Answer 21

average size of rbc

Question 22

MCV 80-100

Answer 22

normocytic

Question 23

MCV <80

Answer 23

Microcytic

Question 24

MCV >100

Answer 24

Macrocytic

Question 25

MCH stands for

Answer 25

mean cell haemoglobin

Question 26

MCH means

Answer 26

Average concentration of haemoglobin in RBC,
the colour of the cells

Question 27

low MCH =

Answer 27

hypochromic

Question 28

Microcytic, hypochromic anaemias cause

Answer 28

IDA, anaemia of chronic disorders, thalassaemia, sideroblastic anaemia

Question 29

Macrocytic, normochromic anaemia cause

Answer 29

B12 deficiency, folate deficiency, alcohol excess, liver disease, thyroid disease

Question 30

normocytic, normochromic anaemia causes

Answer 30

anaemia of chronic disease, acute blood loss, early iron deficiency, anaemia of renal failure

Question 31

a low reticulocyte count would suggest problems with ?

Answer 31

bone marrow

Question 32

reticulocyte is an index of what

Answer 32

the bone marrow health and response to anaemia

Question 33

reticulocyte helps differentiate what

Answer 33

an anaemia that occurs because of bone marrow failure vs haemorrhage or haemolysis