Liver Flashcards
Liver Functions
- ELIMINATION OF BILIRUBIN
- PRODUCTION OF BILE
- FAT METABOLISM
- VIT AND MINERAL STORAGE
- PROTEIN METABOLISM
- CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM:
GLUCOSE STORAGE, GLYCOGENOLYSIS,
GLUCONEOGENESIS - BREAKDOWN OF HORMONES AND
STEROIDS - SYNTHESIS OF COAGULATION FACTORS
- DRUG/TOXIN METABOLISM
- INFECTION CONTROL
- HEAT PRODUCTION
Classifications of Liver Failure
Acute / Chronic Liver Failure
Stages of Acute liver failure timescales
Hyper Acute 8d
Acute 8-28 days
subacute 4-26 weeks
Causes of Liver Failure
Poisons/Chemicals/Drugs
infections
liver tumors
Stages of Alcohol liver disease
Fatty Liver > Liver Fibrosis > Cirrhosis
Fatty Liver stage of ALD is?
Deposits of fat causes liver enlargement. strict abstinence can lead to a full recovery
Fibrosis of the liver in ALD is ?
Scar tissue forms on the liver. Recovery is possible but scar tissue remains
Cirrhosis of the liver in ALD is ?
Growth of connective tissue destroys the liver cells. The damage is irreversible
Secondary causes of liver disease include
Ischaemia
liver tumours
acute on chronic
galactosaemia
reyes syndrome
wilsons disease
fatty liver in pregnancy
Clinical manifestations of liver disease
RESPIRATORY DYSFUNCTION
* CARDIOVASCULAR DYSFUNCTION
* ELECTROLYTE DISTURBANCES
* METABOLIC DISTURBANCES
* COAGULOPATHY/BLEEDING/DIC
* PORTAL HYPERTENSION
* RENAL DYSFUNCTION
* ASCITES
* JAUNDICE
* HEPATIC FOETER/PALMAR
ERYTHEMA/SPIDER
NAEVI/SPLENOMEGALY
* IMMUNOSUPPRESSION
* RARE COMPLICATIONS
Liver blood supply is from
Hepatic artery carrying oxygenated blood from the heart and the portal vein which delivers blood from organs such as stomach and intestines to your liver for processing.
The liver stores what
Glycogen, iron, copper, vit A, and many B-complex vitamins and vitamin D.
The liver produces what
albumin and other proteins, including clotting factors prothrombin and fibrinogen and anticoagulant heparin
what happens to amino acids in the liver
amino acids are deaminated (nitrogen removed)
What happens to nitrogen in the liver
it is used to produce new protein from carbohydrates or fat
The liver can make what from carbohydrates/proteins
It can make fat which is then stored and released as free fatty acids which can be utilised for energy
What can the liver do with cholesterol
Synthesizes cholesterol
In the liver, what is the purpose for phagocytes
To remove foreign substances and bacteria in the blood
What does the liver do to drugs
detoxifies drugs
what does the liver secrete
Cholesterol, bilirubin and enzymes
Liver generates what
Heat
What is Hepatitis?
Hepatitis: denotes any inflammation of the liver, usually due to acute viral infection. Lifelong immunity to the causative virus usually follows, but since several distinct viruses cause the disease, immunity to one type does not confer immunity to the others
Hepatitis A causes
Also known as infectious hepatitis, is transmitted by contaminated food or other objects taken into the mouth, or by unsterile hypodermic needle.
Hepatitis B cause
Also known as serum hepatitis, recognised since WWII. Hep B is transmitted by contaminated injections/transfusions and by sexual contact.