The cell structure & functions

Question 1

Biomolecules

Answer 1

Are molecules that are synthesized by living organisms & contain carbon atoms

Question 2

What are the 4 types of bimolecules?

Answer 2

1. Carbohydrates
2. Lipids
3. Proteins
4. Nucleotides

Question 3

Carbohydrates

Answer 3

Are composed of carbon, hydrogen, & oxygen in a ratio 1:2:1 with the general formula of (CH₂O)_n

Question 4

In ______________ the carbons actually bind to hydroxyl groups (OH) & hydrogens

Answer 4

Carbohydrates

Question 5

_____________ have many hydroxyl groups so they are polar & easily dissolve

Answer 5

Carbohydrates

Question 6

What are the 3 types of carbohydrates?

Answer 6

1. Monosaccharides
2. Disaccharides
3. Polysaccharides

Question 7

Monosaccharides

Answer 7

Are simple sugars composed of a single unit

Question 8

The most common monosaccharide is _______ which is an important source of energy for our cells (fructose & galactose are derivates of glucose)

Answer 8

Glucose

Question 9

Disaccharides

Answer 9

Are carbohydrates formed by the covalent binding of two monosaccharides (ex. sucrose)

Question 10

Monosaccharides & disaccharides end in _______

Answer 10

“ose”

Question 11

Polysaccharides

Answer 11

Are carbohydrates formed by the covalent binding of several monosaccharides

Question 12

Glycogen

Answer 12

Is a polymer of glucose & is formed in small animals

Question 13

__________ is a storage molecule for glucose & is used to not draw in too much water

Answer 13

Glycogen

Question 14

Starch & cellulose

Answer 14

Are a polysaccharide found in plants

Question 15

To synthesis disaccharides & polysaccharides monosaccharides must be linked together by ________ bonds

Answer 15

Covalent

Question 16

Lipids

Answer 16

Are biomolecules that are mostly made up of carbon & hydrogen linked together by nonpolar covalent bonds

Question 17

Most ______ are nonpolar & dont dissolve in water (some ______ contain oxygen or HPO4 which can give it polarity)

Answer 17

Lipids

Question 18

Amphipathic

Answer 18

Is a molecule that contains both polar & nonpolar regions

Question 19

What are the 5 main classes of lipids?

Answer 19

1. Triglycerides
2. Ketones
3. Phospholipids
4. Eicosanoids
5. Steroids

Question 20

Triglycerides

Answer 20

Are “fats” & are made up of one glycerol molecule & 3 fatty acids molecules

Question 21

Glycerol

Answer 21

Is a 3 carbon alcohol that function as the “back bone” of a triglyceride

Question 22

Fatty acids

Answer 22

Are long chains of carbon atoms with a carboxyl group at one end

Question 23

__________ are formed by linking each of 3 fatty acids to a different carbon in the glycerol backbone (3 fatty acids & a glycerol) (they are nonpolar & hydrophobic)

Answer 23

Triglycerides

Question 24

Phospholipids

Answer 24

Are lipids that contain a phosphate group & have a glycerol backbone & contain 2 fatty acids & has a phosphate group attached

Question 25

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ are amphipathic molecules where they have a polar head & nonpolar tail

Answer 25

Phospholipids

Question 26

Steroids

Answer 26

Have a structure of 3 six carbon rings & 1 five carbon ring (cholesterol is the most common steroid)

Question 27

Steroid mostly are derived from _________ (steroids such as testosterone, estradiol, cortisol)

Answer 27

cholesterol

Question 28

Proteins are polymer of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 28

Amino acids

Question 29

There are ____ different types of amino acids

Answer 29

20

Question 30

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ of amino acids are formed by joining two amino acids together with a peptide bond to form a polypeptide

Answer 30

Polymers

Question 31

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ bonds are covalent bond, & are usually 2-50 amino acids long

Answer 31

Peptide

Question 32

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ usually have more than 50 amino acids

Answer 32

Proteins

Question 33

The function of a ___________ depends on its 3D structure (conformation)

Answer 33

Protein

Question 34

What are the 4 different levels of proteins structures?

Answer 34

1. Primary 2. Secondary 3. Tertiary 4. Quaternary

Question 35

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ protein structure is just a straight line of peptide bonds

Answer 35

Primary

Question 36

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ proteins structure is the folding pattern caused by hydrogen bonds & forms alpha helixes & beta sheets

Answer 36

Secondary

Question 37

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ protein structure is cause by ionic bond from interactions between R groups in amino acid in the same polypeptide & can be denatured

Answer 37

Tertiary

Question 38

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ protein structure exists only in protein containing more than one polypeptide chain

Answer 38

Quaternary

Question 39

The 3D structure of proteins can be classified as either __________ or \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 39

Fibrous or globular

Question 40

Fibrous proteins

Answer 40

Are elongated strands that function in structure or contraction (ex. collagen)

Question 41

Globular proteins

Answer 41

Are irregular & bulky (ex. insulin)

Question 42

Some proteins like myosin has both ________ & __________ components

Answer 42

Fibrous & globular

Question 43

Nucleotides

Answer 43

Function in the transfer of energy within cells & forms genetic material of the cells

Question 44

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ structure contains a five carbon carbohydrate, a nitrogen base, & one's phosphate group (the phosphate found in nucleotides are ribose & deoxyribose)

Answer 44

Nucleotides

Question 45

The nitrogenous bases in nucleotides include what two classes?

Answer 45

1. Pyrimidines 2. Purines

Question 46

Pyrimidines

Answer 46

Contian a single carbon ring (cytosine, thymine, & uracil)

Question 47

Purines

Answer 47

Contain a double carbon ring (adenine & guanine)

Question 48

Nucleic acids

Answer 48

Are polymers of nucleotides & they function in the storage & expression of genetic material

Question 49

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ & _______ are nucleic acids

Answer 49

DNA & RNA

Question 50

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ molecules are found in a cell's nucleus where they store the genetic information

Answer 50

DNA