The Cell II Flashcards
2 phases of the cell life cycle
Interphase
Cell Division
Phase of interphase that is a synthesis of proteins with centriole replication
G1
Phase of interphase where DNA replicates itself
S
Phase of interphase where synthesis of
machinery necessary for cell divisio occurs; complete centriole maturation”
G2
Part of S phase (DNA replication) where each strand of existing DNA serves as a template for replication of a new strand of DNA. At the end of the replication process, two double helix DNAs have been formed from the original DNA
Semiconservative Replication
What enzymes unwind and separate the two strands of DNA during semiconservative replication?
Helicase Enzymes
What enzymes synthesize new strands of DNA off the existing strands?
What enzyme begins semiconservative replication?
DNA polymerase enzymes
RNA primer
Which strand is the leading strand of DNA polymerase? The one going towards or away from the fork?
What explains why each polymerase goes in different directions?
Towards the fork
Polarity of DNA
What enzyme ties together framents of the lagging strand (Okazaki fragments) to complete continuity of replicated DNA?
Ligase
The duplicated halves of DNA are referred to as
sister chromatids
phase of mitosis where the mitotic spindle is organized
Centroles separate and extend microtubules, and the microtubules attach to part of centromere
Prophase
Where the microtubules attach to part of centromere, a unique sequence of DNA bound to protein
Kinetochore
phase of mitosis where the chromosomes align in the center and microtubules extend from kinetochores of centromeres of chromosome to centrioles on each side
Metaphase
Phase of mitosis where sister chromatids are separated and pulled by microtubules
Anaphase
Phase of mitosis where the chromosomes are uncoiled, and a nuclear membrane is formed around the daughter chromosomes
Telophase
