Chemistry Comes Alive Flashcards
<p>A physiological system requires two things....</p>
<p>Matter and Energy</p>
<p>Matter that has a defined shape and volume
Matter that has defined volume, no shape
No defined volume or shape</p>
<p>Solid
Liquid
Gas</p>
<p>The capacity to do work</p>
<p>Energy</p>
<p>Energy used to produce work
Stored energy, not currently being used to produce work</p>
<p>Kinetic
Potential Energy</p>
<p>Energy Stored in chemical bonds and concentration differences</p>
<p>Chemical</p>
<p>Energy stored charges, ions</p>
<p>Electrical</p>
<p>Energy of a directly moving object</p>
<p>Mechanical</p>
<p>Energy that travels in waves</p>
<p>Radiant</p>
<p>Energy involved in molecular movement</p>
<p>Thermal</p>
<p>Variable mass numbers due to different number of neutrons. Used in nuclear medicine, decay of radioactive particle; marker for activity</p>
<p>Isotopes</p>
<p>2 or more atoms. Can have the same or different elements.
2 or more DIFFERENT elements</p>
<p>Molecule
Compound</p>
<p>2 or more substances</p>
<p>Mixtures</p>
<p>The substance in greatest quantity in a solution, usually its water
The substance in smaller quantity in a solution, usually ions, proteins, carbs, etc.</p>
<p>Solvent
Solute</p>
<p>moles/liter</p>
<p>Molarity</p>
<p>Number of particles within a solution. May or may not be the same as molarity.
Important in controlling movements of fluids between compartments.</p>
<p>Osmolarity/Osmolality</p>
<p>Type of substance where the solute is large, but dissolvable. particles scatter light
Ex) Jello, Cell cytosol</p>
<p>Colloids</p>
<p>Mixtures where the solute will settle out unless you repeatedly shake it. Sand in water, blood cells in plasma.</p>
<p>Suspensions</p>
<p>A combination of atoms via electron sharing
</p>
<p>Chemical Bonds</p>
<p>Outermost electron shell of a given atom. Electrons here can be reactive and form chemical bonds with one another</p>
<p>Valence Shell</p>
<p>What happens if the valence shell is full?</p>
<p>The atom is not reactive</p>
<p>A bond where one atom donates an electron to the electrical shell of another atom. Forms an anion and a cation.</p>
<p>Ionic Bonds</p>
<p>Type of bond where electrons are shared between two atoms</p>
<p>Covalent Bond</p>
<p>A covalent bond with equal electron sharing
A covalent bond with unequal sharing, but not an ionic bond</p>
<p>Non-Polar
Polar</p>
<p>A bond between slightly charged molecules such as water</p>
<p>Hydrogen Bonds</p>
<p>A+B -> AB</p>
<p>Synthesis</p>
<p>AB -> A + B</p>
<p>Decomposition</p>
<p>AB + C -> AC + B</p>
<p>Exchange</p>
<p>Type of reaction that involves an electron donor and an electron recipient.
The electron donor is
The electron acceptor is</p>
<p>Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
Oxidized
Reduced</p>
<p>Ionic Bond formation is a type of what kind of reaction?</p>
<p>Ionic Bond Formation</p>
<p>A reaction that gives off energy. Like the breakdown of a glucose molecule</p>
<p>Exergonic</p>
<p>A type of reaction that absorbs energy. Like the formation of ATP</p>
<p>Endergonic</p>
<p>Name the 4 effectors of chemical reactions</p>
<p>Temperature
Particle Size
Concentration
Catalysts</p>
<p>With a greater concentration in a chemical reaction, does the reaction proceed slower or faster?</p>
<p>Faster</p>
