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KN 251 Final Review > Physiology of Bones > Flashcards

Physiology of Bones Flashcards

1
Q

Smooth, continuous solid bone

Bone with narrow irregular bars

A

Compact

Spongy

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2
Q

Bone with a diaphysis and epiphysis

A

Long Bone

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3
Q

The shaft of long bone, is compact bone and has a medullary cavity

A

Diaphysis

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4
Q

The bulbous end of long bones, compact bone surrounds

A

Epiphysis

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5
Q

The two components of the ephiphysis

A

Articular Cartilage

Epiphyseal Line

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6
Q

Articular cartilage of the epiphsys is made of

The old growth plate of the ephiphysis is the

A

Hyaline Cartilage

Ephiphyseal Line

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7
Q

The membrane of bone that is the outside covering, it contains osteogenic cells

A

Periosteum

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8
Q

The membrane of bone that is the inside lining of medullary cavity and spongy bone, it also contains osteogenic cells

A

Endosteum

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9
Q

In flat bones, the spongy bone is called

A

Diploe

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10
Q

Areas where blood formation occurs in bone. In adults this is generally within the trabecular
cavities of select long bones and diploë of flat bones

A

Red Marrow

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11
Q

In infants, the medullary cavity also contains red
marrow, but by the time adulthood is reached, this
area turns to fat and is referred to as

A

Yellow Marrow

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12
Q

The structural unit of compact bone that is a cylinder of bone

A

Osteon

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13
Q

The concentric layers of compact bone that form an osteon

A

Lamellae

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14
Q

The central canal of the osteon in compact bone

A

Haversian Canal

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15
Q

The transverse canals of osteon in compact bone

A

Volkmann Canal

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16
Q

A mature bone cell

A

Osteocyte

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17
Q

Cavities in compact bone that contain contain osteocytes

A

Lacunae

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18
Q

These connect lacunae and Haversion canals

A

Canaliculi

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19
Q

The lamellae is between osteons

A

Interstitiala lamellae

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20
Q

This lamellae encircles the whole bone

A

Circumferential Lamellae

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21
Q

spongy bone is arranged in a latticle work aligned along lines of stress

A

Trabeculae

22
Q

The stem cells of bone

A

Osteogenic

23
Q

The bone forming cells

A

Osteoblasts

24
Q

The mature bone cells

A

Osteocyte

25
Q

The bone destroying cells

A

Osteoclasts

26
Q

What is the ground substance of bone?

A

Osteoid

27
Q

Part of the ground substance of bone, is a large protein and a carbohydrate

A

Proteoglycans

28
Q

Part of the ground substance of bone, is a smaller protein and carbohydrate

A

Glycoproteins

29
Q

Part of the ground substance of bone, is the calcium phosphates

A

Hydroxyapatites

30
Q

the fibers of bone, have low water content compared to cartilage

A

collagen, helical protein

31
Q

What is the precursor to intramembranous ossification? It is an embryonic connective tissue

A

Mesenchyme

32
Q

Name the 4 phases of intramembranous ossification

A

Initial ossification center
Secretion and Calcification of osteoid
Formation of woven bone
Lamellar bone replaces woven bone

33
Q

What type of bone does intramembranous ossification develop?

A

Flat bone

34
Q

What type of bone does endochondral ossification develop?

A

Long Bones

35
Q

What is the precursor tissue for endochondral ossification (long bone)?

A

Cartilage

36
Q

Name the 5 steps of endochondral ossification

A

Osteoblasts form bone collar around cartilage
Central cartilage calcifies, cavities develop
Periosteal bud invades to bring osteoclasts
The diaphysis elongates, the medullary cavity forms, secondary ossification begins at epiphyseal regions
Epiphyseas ossify leaving cartilage in epiphyseal plate and at articular surfaces

37
Q

This invades in endochondral ossification to bring osteoclasts

A

Periosteal Bud

38
Q

Where does cartilage growth occur in long bone, which is eventually replaced by bone?

A

Epiphyseal Plate and the end of the epiphysis

39
Q

Osteoblasts multiply and secrete matrix on which side of the epiphyseal plate in long bone growth?

What do the osteoblasts become?

What do osteoclasts do?

A

The shaft side

Osteocytes and osteoclasts

Carve out medullary cavity

40
Q

When long bone growth is finished, what does the epiphyseal plate become?

A

The epiphyseal line

41
Q

What lays down bone in appositional bone growth?

A

Periosteal osteoblasts

42
Q

The growth hormone for bone growth is released from where?

What does it cause the liver to release

A

Anterior Pituitary

Somatomedins

43
Q

This hormone works with the growth hormone for bone

A

Thyroid Hormone

44
Q

These steroids stimulate epiphyseal plate closure

A

Androgenic and estrogenic Steroids

45
Q

How much turnover does bone remodeling produce per week?

A

5-7%

46
Q

Groups of osteoblasts and osteoclasts called _________ continuously synthesize and remove bone

A

Remodeling Units

47
Q

Areas of new bone deposit in remondeling are called

A

Osteoid Seam

48
Q

Osteoclasts remove dead _____ in remodeling which releases them into the blood stream

A

Osteocytes

49
Q

This hormone increases osteoclast activity and is released whenn blood Calcium level is low

A

Parathyroid Hormone

50
Q

This hormone inhibits osteclasts in remodeling

A

Calcitonin

51
Q

bone grows and remodels in response

to mechanical demand. Muscle pull and load.

A

Wolff’s Law

KN 251 Final Review (9 decks)

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