The Cell Cycle- Mitosis Flashcards
What is the cell cycle?
The “Life cycle” of cell
The main goal of the cell cycle is for the cell to divide
The parent cell divides into two daughter cells
Interphase
The preparation stage of the cell cycle
In this stage, the cell is growing and taking in nutrients
The cell spends most of its time in this phase ( 90%)
There are 3 parts to interphase
(G1), (S), (G2)
G1 phase
First growth phase (G1)
period of growth, the cell produces new proteins and new organelles
S phase
Synthesis phase (S)
The cell copies its DNA and makes key proteins
G2 Phase
Second growth phase (G2)- preparation for mitosis
Beginning of spitting in the cell
The cells produce the organelles and structures needed for cell division
What is the longest phase in CELL CYCLE?
The longest phase in the cell cycle is the interphase
What is the start of mitosis?
PROPHASE
Prophase
The splitting of the cell
The chromatin (DNA) that makes up chromosomes condenses
At this stage, each chromosome is made of 2 identical copies called sister chromosomes attached together at a centromere
The Nuclear membrane disintegrates so the chromosomes can move within the cell
Sister Chromatids
one of the two identical halves of a chromosome that has been replicated in preparation for cell division
Metaphase
The collection of chromosomes
Spindle fibres move the chromosomes toward the middle of the cell
Chromosomes align at the equator of the cell
Anaphase
Division of the cell
Spindle fibres contract and shorten to pull the sister chromatids apart at the centromere
The spindle fibres pull the chromatids to each end of the cell
What are poles?
Centrioles at either end of the cell
Chromatid
Chromatid are organized chromaTIN that forms the “X” shape with a centre called the “centromere”
Chromatin
Noodle-like strand made up of protein and DNA that form chromosomes
Chromosome
Chromatin + Chromatin =
Chromosome
Each chromosome is a long piece of coiled DNA and protiens.
Centromere
The centre of the chromosome
What are parent cells?
A cell that is the source of other cells, is a cell that divides to produce two or more daughter cells
Daughter Cells?
Genetically identical cells are formed when a cell undergoes division by mitosis.
What is a gene?
Section of DNA arranged at specific locations on chromosomes in the nucleus of the cell
The basic code of heredity passed from parent to child
What is mitosis
Cell division that involves packaging the genetic information in the nucleus into two equal portions.
How many chromosomes do humans have?
46 chromosomes– 23 matching pairs of chromosomes
M phase
Mitosis
During this phase, the cell’s energy must be entirely devoted to dividing the cell
Telophase
The chromatids reach the poles and the cell membrane pinches inward, eventually splitting the cell into two identical daughter cells
Cytokinesis
The process of splitting the CYTOPLASM to form 2 new cells
Cytokinesis B (end)
The nuclei in each new cell reform and the spindle fibres disappear
What happens after cytokinesis?
Each new cell is now in interphase and the cell cycle starts again
Cytokinesis in animal cells?
In animal cells, the cell membrane pinches inward
Cytokinesis in plant cells?
In plant cells, a new cell plate forms from the cell wall and inner cell membrane in each new cell
Division of the cell
Mitosis
Original cell
Parent cell
Daughter cells
New cells
Cleavage Furrow
Division of the cytoplasm by constricting the cell membrane in the middle.
What is the shortest stage of interphase
Growth 2 (G2)
Cells exchange materials across the cell…
Membrane
Disease caused by uncontrollable cell growth?
Cancer
