Specialized Plant & Animal Cells Flashcards
Multicellular Organism
Collection of different types of cells, doing different jobs
Cell specialization
All cells have the same DNA
Cells develop in different ways to perform particular functions in a process
During development, certain parts of the DNA…
“Turn Off”
The cell doesn’t portray those characteristics
(eg. lung cell and skin cell start off the same but “turn off” genes they don’t need to do their job, so each cell looks and acts differently)
Stem cell
Unspecialized cell
What does every cell start out as?
A Stem cell
Stem cells form… when exposed to the … … … or they can remain … & actively divide for long periods
- specialized cells*
Proper environmental conditions
Unspecialized
Found in embryos and eventually undergo differentiation to perform different functions?
Embryonic Stem Cells
Differentiation
the processes by which immature cells become mature cells with specific functions.
Where can adult stem cells be found?
In the blood, skin, & nuclear tissue
Nuclear Tissue
Places where tissues need to be replaced due to damage
There are unspecialized cells from one organ that can be used to regenerate tissues in another organ
(ie. liver, Kidney, brain cells)
Where else can stem cells be found?
Plants ( meristematic cells)
Found in the growing tops of root + stem
Regeneration
The process whereby a body part is replaced or regrown
Animals with little cell specialization
Sponges, planarians
Other animals regenerate only certain parts of their body
Earthworm, salamanders, reptiles
