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Biology > The cell cycle > Flashcards

The cell cycle Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 3 stages of interphase?

A

G1
G2
S phase

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2
Q

Name the events that take place in G1?

A

Synthesis of macromolecules
Organelles produced - mitochondria
Nucleolus produces rRNA, MRNA AND tRNA
Cells increase in size

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3
Q

What are the events that take place in S phase?

A

DNA synthesis & chromatids formed

Histone proteins are produced

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4
Q

What are the events that take place during G2 phase?

A

Tubulin protein synthesised
Energy stores increases
Cells continues to increase in size

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5
Q

What are the 5 stages of mitosis?

A 
Prophase 
Metaphase
Anaphase 
Telophase
Cytokinesis
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6
Q

What are the key events during prophase?

A

Chromatin condenses
Centrioles move towards opposite poles
Spindle begins to form
2 chromatids joined by a centromere

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7
Q

What are the key events during metaphase?

A

Nuclear envelope breaks down
Spindle formed
Microtubules of spindle attach to centromeres of chromosomes
Chromosomes moved towards the equator

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8
Q

What are the key events during anaphase?

A

Centromeres divide
Sister chromatids are pulled apart
Sister chromatids move towards opposite poles

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9
Q

What are the key events during Telophase?

A

Each chromatid is a separate chromosome
Chromosomes reach opposite poles
New nuclear envelope forms around each group

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10
Q

What are the key events during cytokinesis?

A

Cytoplasm separated

Cell divides by cleavage furrow in animals and cell plates in plants

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11
Q

What is the spindle?

A

A structure made of microtubules

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12
Q

What are spindles function?

A

This is what chromosomes attach to during mitosis and meiosis

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13
Q

What are the 3 main points in relation to mitosis?

A

Produces genetically identical daughter cells
Occurs in diploid or haploid cells
Has a role in asexual reproduction - clones

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14
Q

What is cancer?

A

Uncontrolled cell division - mitosis out of control

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15
Q

What is cancer often caused by?

A

Carcinogens and radiation

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16
Q

What can cancer cells not enter?

A

G0 phase

17
Q

What is the difference between benign and malignant?

A

Benign - not cancerous - encapsulated and won’t spread

Malignant - cancerous - not encapsulated - will spread to other organs and cause serious damage

18
Q

Which phase of the cell cycle is prevented by 5-flouracil?

A

S phase - prevents DNA synthesis which takes place in s phase

Biology (19 decks)

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