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Biology > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Describe exocytosis:

A

The secretion of substances from a cell

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2
Q

How does exocytosis take place?

A

It forms a new membrane by fusion of the vesicles within the plasma membrane, they increase surface area within the plasma membrane.

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3
Q

What is the golgi apparatus?

A

A series of flattened sacs (cisternae) with associated vesicles.

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4
Q

Where does the golgi apparatus receive proteins from?

A

The endoplasmic reticulum

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5
Q

What is the role of the golgi apparatus:

A

To label, sort and package proteins for export from the cell

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6
Q

Where is DNA contained?

A

In the nucleus, as chromosomes

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7
Q

What is the role of DNA?

A

To code for protein synthesis

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8
Q

The _____ membrane is a double membrane and has _____ which allow for exchange of substances in and out of the ______

A
  • Nuclear membrane
  • pores
  • Nucleus
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9
Q

What is the largest cell organelle?

A

The nucleus

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10
Q

What structure contains DNA that codes for rRNA and produces ribosomes

A

Nucleolus

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11
Q

Where are lysosomes produced?

A

In the Golgi apparatus

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12
Q

How does the golgi apparatus modify proteins?

A

It can add:

  • lipid
  • carbohydrates
  • co factors
  • prosthetic groups
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13
Q

The golgi apparatus joins different polypeptides to form/produce proteins with a ______ structure:

A

Quaternary

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14
Q

Give 3 examples of eukaryotic cells

A

Fungi
Animal
Plant

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15
Q

Give 5 differences between a prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell

A
  • Prokaryotic has not got membrane bound nucleus
  • A prokaryotic cell has plasmids
  • Prokaryotic cell has smaller ribosomes
  • Prokaryotic has a peptidoglycan cell wall
  • Prokaryotic has free DNA in the cytoplasm
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16
Q

What is the function of the nucleus?

A

The control centre of the cell

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17
Q

What cell does not have a cell wall?

A

An animal cell

18
Q

What are 4 similarities between a prokaryotic cell and a plant cell?

A
  • Cell wall
  • DNA
  • Cytoplasm
  • Ribosomes
19
Q

True or false. A prokaryotic cell has complex organelles

A

False

20
Q

What is a prokaryotic cell wall made of

A

Glycoprotein known as peptidoglycan

21
Q

What is cell fractionation?

A

Process to produce fractions of cellular components

22
Q

Why is an isotonic buffer necessary?

A

Stops organelles expanding, bursting or shrinking

23
Q

What is the main role of smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Lipid synthesis

24
Q

What is different about the structure of smooth endoplasmic reticulum and rough endoplasmic reticulum?

A

SER - no ribosomes

RER - ribosomes

25
Q

What are ribosomes?

A

Tiny organelles found either in the cytoplasm or the RER

26
Q

What does a ribosome consist of?

A

two sub-units

27
Q

What are ribosomes main role?

A

Site of protein synthesis

28
Q

What is the structure of mitochondria?

A

Double membrane bound

29
Q

How is cristae formed?

A

Inner membrane folds inwards

30
Q

What is the main role of mitochondria?

A

Site of aerobic respiration (energy production)

31
Q

What is a cytosol?

A

Cytoplasm excluding organelles and nucleus

32
Q

What is plasmodesmata?

A

narrow threads of cytoplasm - pass through adjacent cell walls - communication between plants

33
Q

What do vacuoles store?

A

Ions and water

34
Q

Why is a large vacuole important?

A

in the development of turgor for support

35
Q

What are fungal cells walls made of?

A

Chitin

36
Q

What does multinucleate mean?

A

More than one nucleus

37
Q

What is nucleoplasm?

A

Cytoplasm found inside the nucleus - stores DNA

38
Q

What is the function of the nuclear envelope?

A

Involved in letting things pass in and out of the nucleus

39
Q

What are extrinsic proteins?

A

Attached peripherally to the bilayer

40
Q

What are intrinsic proteins?

A

Embedded into one of the two layers

Biology (19 decks)

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