Cells Flashcards
(40 cards)
Describe exocytosis:
The secretion of substances from a cell
How does exocytosis take place?
It forms a new membrane by fusion of the vesicles within the plasma membrane, they increase surface area within the plasma membrane.
What is the golgi apparatus?
A series of flattened sacs (cisternae) with associated vesicles.
Where does the golgi apparatus receive proteins from?
The endoplasmic reticulum
What is the role of the golgi apparatus:
To label, sort and package proteins for export from the cell
Where is DNA contained?
In the nucleus, as chromosomes
What is the role of DNA?
To code for protein synthesis
The _____ membrane is a double membrane and has _____ which allow for exchange of substances in and out of the ______
- Nuclear membrane
- pores
- Nucleus
What is the largest cell organelle?
The nucleus
What structure contains DNA that codes for rRNA and produces ribosomes
Nucleolus
Where are lysosomes produced?
In the Golgi apparatus
How does the golgi apparatus modify proteins?
It can add:
- lipid
- carbohydrates
- co factors
- prosthetic groups
The golgi apparatus joins different polypeptides to form/produce proteins with a ______ structure:
Quaternary
Give 3 examples of eukaryotic cells
Fungi
Animal
Plant
Give 5 differences between a prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell
- Prokaryotic has not got membrane bound nucleus
- A prokaryotic cell has plasmids
- Prokaryotic cell has smaller ribosomes
- Prokaryotic has a peptidoglycan cell wall
- Prokaryotic has free DNA in the cytoplasm
What is the function of the nucleus?
The control centre of the cell
What cell does not have a cell wall?
An animal cell
What are 4 similarities between a prokaryotic cell and a plant cell?
- Cell wall
- DNA
- Cytoplasm
- Ribosomes
True or false. A prokaryotic cell has complex organelles
False
What is a prokaryotic cell wall made of
Glycoprotein known as peptidoglycan
What is cell fractionation?
Process to produce fractions of cellular components
Why is an isotonic buffer necessary?
Stops organelles expanding, bursting or shrinking
What is the main role of smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
Lipid synthesis
What is different about the structure of smooth endoplasmic reticulum and rough endoplasmic reticulum?
SER - no ribosomes
RER - ribosomes
