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Biology > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the characteristics of the nucleus?

A

Largest cell organelle
Contains DNA in chromosomes
DNA codes for protein synthesis

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2
Q

What is the nuclear membrane or envelope?

A

Double membrane with pores that allows exchange of substances in and out of the nucleus

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3
Q

What is present within the nuclear envelope?

A

Nucleoplasm

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4
Q

What is the nucleolus?

A

Contains DNA which codes for rRNA and produces ribosomes

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5
Q

What is the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Consists of a series of flattened membrane bound sacs - cisternae
Studded with ribosomes

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6
Q

What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Transports protein that are produced on attached ribosomes

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7
Q

What will happen to some proteins within the RER?

A

Some secreted

Some placed on the surface of the cell membrane

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8
Q

Explain the structure of smooth ER?

A

Same as RER without ribosomes

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9
Q

What is the function of SER?

A

Involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification of drugs

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10
Q

What are the characteristics of ribosomes?

A

Tiny organelles found in the cytoplasm
Each consists of 2 sub-units
Made of protein and rRNA

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11
Q

What are ribosomes main function?

A

Protein synthesis in a cell - proteins are made

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12
Q

What is the structure of the golgi apparatus?

A

Cisternae - series of flattened sacs - associated vesicles

May add glycoproteins or lipoproteins to them

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13
Q

What kind of structure will be made when joining polypeptides?

A

Quaternary

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14
Q

What is the golgi apparatus’ main function?

A

Label, package and sort proteins for export from the cells

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15
Q

What are lysosomes?

A

Spherical sacs containing powerful digestive enzymes

Thick membrane to prevent enzymes from being released

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16
Q

What are lysosomes main function?

A

Important in phagocytosis

Fuse with other vesicles that contain something to be destroyed

17
Q

Explain the structure of mitochondria:

A

Double membrane bound

Inner membrane folds inwards to create cristae

18
Q

Explain the functions of the mitochondria:

A

Site of aerobic respiration

Abundant in cells with high energy requirements

19
Q

Explain the structure of microtubules:

A

Hollow cylinders - tubulin

Form the cytoskeleton

20
Q

Explain the functions of the microtubules:

A

Aid movement of structures within cells
Forms spindle - moves chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis
Component of cilia and flagella

21
Q

Explain the structure of the cytoplasm:

A

Part of cell between cell surface membrane and nucleus

22
Q

What is the protoplasm?

A

All the cell contents within cell surface membrane

23
Q

What is the cytosol?

A

Cytoplasm excluding organelles and nucleus

24
Q

What is a eukaryotic cell?

A

Contains membrane bound organelles and a nucleus

25
Q

What is the structure of a cell wall in a eukaryotic cell?

A

Immediately outside the cell membrane

Composed of cellulose microfibrils

26
Q

What is the cell walls main function?

A

Strength

Fully permeable

27
Q

What is the primary cell wall made up of?

A

Many microfibrils

Loosely arranged for expansion as the cell grows

28
Q

What is the secondary cell wall?

A

In a full sized cell

Additional cellulose is deposited in a lattice arrangement to provide strength

29
Q

What is the middle lamella?

A

Links adjacent cells, composed of pectin

30
Q

What is the plasmodesmata?

A

Narrow threads of cytoplasm pass through adjacent cell walls to allow communication

31
Q

Explain the structure of the chloroplast:

A

Double membrane bound
Contains stroma
Thylakoid membranes stacked into grana

32
Q

What is the main function of the chloroplast?

A

Site of photosynthesis:

Biology (19 decks)

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