The Cell Cycle Flashcards
List the 5 phases of the cell cycle.
G1, synthesis (S), G2, mitosis (M), and cytokinesis
Explain the G1 phase…
cell is actively growing and producing enzymes and other components needed for the next stages
Explain the “S” (synthesis) phase…
a duplicate copy of the chromosomes is synthesized (built).
Explain the G2 phase…
cell is actively growing and producing materials needed for the next stage & checking its DNA for errors.
Collectively, what are the first 3 cell cycle phases called?
Interphase
Explain the “M” (Mitosis) phase…
splitting the single nucleus into two separate nuclei.
Explain the cytokinesis phase…
splitting the single double nuclei having cell into two separate cells each with their own nucleus
What type of cells use Mitosis?
somatic cells such as tissue cells, nerve cells, and blood cells.
What type of cells use Meiosis?
Reproductive cells, sperm and eggs
What process changes a haploid cell into a diploid?
Fertilization
What process changes a diploid cell to a haploid?
Meiosis
Explain Mitotic prophase…
Very beginning of Mitosis, nucleus is disintegrating so all no more proteins can be made, chromosomes are condensing, and arranging into sister pairs
Explain Mitotic Metaphase…
The chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
Explain Mitotic Anaphase…
The sister chromatids separate from each other, and move to opposite poles of the cell…
Explain Mitotic Telophase…
The end of Mitosis, the cells have separated, each with its own nucleus, not the chromosomes start to decondense
Overall what is the major difference between Mitotic and Meiotic cell division?
Mitotic is asexual division where the daughter cells are same as the parent, Meiotic is sexual so the daughter cells are not identical to each parent, but a mix of the two.
What is produced from Meiosis I
Two crossed over diploid daughter cells w/ chromosomes
What is produced from Meiosis II
Four crossed over haploid daughter cells w/ chromatids
Explain Meiotic Prophase…
Same as Mitotic prophase, except crossing over happens w/ the chromosomes before they condense
Explain Meiotic Metaphase…
Same as Mitotic metaphase, except homologous chromosome pairs line up instead of chromatids
