The Cell Flashcards
What is the main difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
Eukaryotes have a nucleus, prokaryotes do not. Prokaryotes do not have other organelles outside of ribosomes.
How do antibotics work?
They only poison prokaryotic bacteria, leaving all the other eukaryotic cells alone.
What is the function of Mitochondria?
To take sugars (fuel) and convert it into ATP (energy).
What is the function of Chloroplasts?
capture energy from the sun and use that energy to build sugar molecules.
What is the function of the Endoplasmic Recticulum?
It assembles proteins and lipids.
What is the function of vesicles?
Transport contents within and outside of cell
What is the function of the Golgi Apparatus?
Delivers proteins to the cell, and other parts of the body.
What is the cell wall made of in plants?
Cellulose
What is the cell theory?
living things are composed of one or more cells, that the cell is the basic unit of life, and that cells arise from existing cells.
What parts of the cell differentiate it from being biotic vs abiotic
The nucleus, the nucleus is responsible for reproduction, no nucleus means cell is abiotic
What is the cell membrane composed of?
A phospholipid bilayer.
What is the purpose of the cell membrane?
To provide protection/structure for the cell, but to also facilitate what comes in/out.
What is the purpose of proteins in the cell membrane?
This proteins form channels to help larger molecules cross the membrane.
What is the structure of a phospholipid?
A charged hydrophilic head, with a non polar hydrophobic tail.
What types of molecules flow easily past/through the phospholipid cell membrane?
Non polar molecules like oxygen and carbon dioxide. And small polar molecules like water.
Which type of molecules have a hard time passing through the phospholipid cell membrane?
Large polar molecules such as glucose, sodium ions, and potassium ions.
Define simple diffusion.
Smaller Molecules naturally moving from an area of high concentration, to fill an area of low concentration.
Define facilitated diffusion.
The act of a protein acting as a channel for large molecules to practice diffusion.
Define active transport
The act of using energy (ATP) to move molecules against their concentration gradient from low to high
Explain the process of Endocytosis
In order to get inside the cell, a pocket is formed at the membrane, the molecule enters the pocket and eventually gets swallowed in the pocket by the cell.
Explain the process of Exocytosis
A vesicle containing some molecules migrates its way to the membrane, eventually fusing with it, and releasing the contents on the outside.
What are some real life impacts of Endo and Exocytosis?
Cells engulf infecting bacteria in endocytosis, and nerve cells release large amounts of signals through exocytosis.
Define osmosis.
The specific simple diffusion done by water.
