The Cell

Question 1

What is the main difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

Answer 1

Eukaryotes have a nucleus, prokaryotes do not. Prokaryotes do not have other organelles outside of ribosomes.

Question 2

How do antibotics work?

Answer 2

They only poison prokaryotic bacteria, leaving all the other eukaryotic cells alone.

Question 3

What is the function of Mitochondria?

Answer 3

To take sugars (fuel) and convert it into ATP (energy).

Question 4

What is the function of Chloroplasts?

Answer 4

capture energy from the sun and use that energy to build sugar molecules.

Question 5

What is the function of the Endoplasmic Recticulum?

Answer 5

It assembles proteins and lipids.

Question 6

What is the function of vesicles?

Answer 6

Transport contents within and outside of cell

Question 7

What is the function of the Golgi Apparatus?

Answer 7

Delivers proteins to the cell, and other parts of the body.

Question 8

What is the cell wall made of in plants?

Answer 8

Cellulose

Question 9

What is the cell theory?

Answer 9

living things are composed of one or more cells, that the cell is the basic unit of life, and that cells arise from existing cells.

Question 10

What parts of the cell differentiate it from being biotic vs abiotic

Answer 10

The nucleus, the nucleus is responsible for reproduction, no nucleus means cell is abiotic

Question 11

What is the cell membrane composed of?

Answer 11

A phospholipid bilayer.

Question 12

What is the purpose of the cell membrane?

Answer 12

To provide protection/structure for the cell, but to also facilitate what comes in/out.

Question 13

What is the purpose of proteins in the cell membrane?

Answer 13

This proteins form channels to help larger molecules cross the membrane.

Question 14

What is the structure of a phospholipid?

Answer 14

A charged hydrophilic head, with a non polar hydrophobic tail.

Question 15

What types of molecules flow easily past/through the phospholipid cell membrane?

Answer 15

Non polar molecules like oxygen and carbon dioxide. And small polar molecules like water.

Question 16

Which type of molecules have a hard time passing through the phospholipid cell membrane?

Answer 16

Large polar molecules such as glucose, sodium ions, and potassium ions.

Question 17

Define simple diffusion.

Answer 17

Smaller Molecules naturally moving from an area of high concentration, to fill an area of low concentration.

Question 18

Define facilitated diffusion.

Answer 18

The act of a protein acting as a channel for large molecules to practice diffusion.

Question 19

Define active transport

Answer 19

The act of using energy (ATP) to move molecules against their concentration gradient from low to high

Question 20

Explain the process of Endocytosis

Answer 20

In order to get inside the cell, a pocket is formed at the membrane, the molecule enters the pocket and eventually gets swallowed in the pocket by the cell.

Question 21

Explain the process of Exocytosis

Answer 21

A vesicle containing some molecules migrates its way to the membrane, eventually fusing with it, and releasing the contents on the outside.

Question 22

What are some real life impacts of Endo and Exocytosis?

Answer 22

Cells engulf infecting bacteria in endocytosis, and nerve cells release large amounts of signals through exocytosis.

Question 23

Define osmosis.

Answer 23

The specific simple diffusion done by water.