Molecular Genetics Flashcards
Define DNA
Nucleic Acid that houses the genetic material for all living organisms
Define RNA
Nucleic Acid that is a copy of DNA to be used as a template to make a protein.
What is the monomer used to build DNA?
Nucleotides
What type of nucleotide is NOT found in DNA?
“U” (Uracil) is only found in RNA.
What determines genetic info in DNA?
The orders/sequences of the base pairs.
How does DNA synthesis compare to DNA replication?
They are the same.
What phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?
“S” (synthesis” phase
Define mutation
Change in the DNA sequence during replication
What is the catalyst for DNA replication?
The enzyme DNA polymerase (it breaks the H bonds)
What holds base pairs together in order to form DNA strands?
Hydrogen bonds between the base pairs
Where does DNA replication take place in a eukaryotic cell?
The Nucleus
How does a gene produce proteins?
A segment of DNA is copied into RNA; the RNA is then used to build proteins.
What is the function of mRNA?
to carry the code from DNA to the protein building apparatus in the cell.
Why is DNA replication considered to be a “semi-conservative” process?
It conserves some the the original DNA in the form of the template strand
What are the three steps to DNA replication?
- Untwist
- Unzip
- Form H bonds to new strand of base pairs.
