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Intro to Biology - WGU > Metabolism > Flashcards

Metabolism Flashcards

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1
Q

Explain the process of photosynthesis…

A

Light, water, and CO2 is absorbed, and chloroplasts convert these molecules into glucose.

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2
Q

What are the ‘inputs’ of photosynthesis?

A

Sunlight (energy), CO2 (carbon for sugar), Water (Hydrogen for bonds).

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3
Q

What is the first step of photosynthesis?

A

The Light-dependent reaction

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4
Q

What are the inputs for the light-dependent reaction?

A

Light + H20

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5
Q

What are the outputs for the light-dependent reaction?

A

ATP + NADPH (electron carrier) + O2

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6
Q

What is the second step of photosynthesis?

A

The light - independent reaction aka (Calvin Cycle)

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7
Q

What are the inputs for the Calvin Cycle?

A

ATP + NADPH (electron) + CO2

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8
Q

What is the output of the Calvin Cycle

A

Glucose and ADP

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9
Q

What is the equation for photosynthesis?

A

Light + H2O + CO2 = Sugar + O2

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10
Q

How does ATP provide energy?

A

The bonds between the three phosphate groups release alot of energy when broken.

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11
Q

Explain phosphorylation

A

When one of the phosphate bonds is broken in ATP it then becomes ADP, the ADP travels back and receives its third phosphate group again from the sun.

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12
Q

Explain cellular respiration…

A

The process by which the body coverts glucose into ATP (opposite of photosynthesis)

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13
Q

What are the inputs of cellular respiration?

A

Glucose + Oxygen

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14
Q

What are the outputs of cellular respiration?

A

Water, Carbon Dioxide & ATP

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15
Q

Which organelles are used for photosynthesis & cellular respiration?

A

Choroplast & Mitochondria

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16
Q

What is the first step in cellular respiration?

A

Glycolysis - splitting a glucose molecule into two

17
Q

What are the two molecules created from Glycolysis?

A

2 Pyruvate molecules (3 carbons each)

18
Q

How is ATP created from Glycolysis?

A

Break the bonds when splitting the glucose creates ATP

19
Q

What are the inputs of glycolysis?

A

Sugar (6 carbons)

20
Q

What are the outputs of Glycolysis?

A

2 pyruvate molecules, ATP, and NADH

21
Q

Where can the glucose that is needed for glycolysis come from?

A

For plants, it comes from photosynthesis, for animals it comes from food.

22
Q

What is the second step of cellular respiration?

A

Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle)

23
Q

What happens in the citric acid (Krebs) cycle?

A

The bonds in the pyruvates get broken, leaving acetyl coA molecules.

24
Q

What are the inputs of the Krebs cycle?

A

Pyruvate molecules

25
Q

What are the outputs of the Krebs cycle?

A

CO2, FADH2, ATP, NADH

26
Q

What is the third step in cellular respiration?

A

Electron Transport Chain

27
Q

What are the inputs of the electron transport chain?

A

NADH and FADH2

28
Q

What are the outputs of the electron transport chain?

A

Approx 30 ATP molecules

29
Q

How is cellular respiration similar to actual respiration when we breathe?

A

Oxygen is the input and CO2 is the output of both types of respiration.

30
Q

Why doesnt fermentation use the electron transport chain?

A

Fermentation is anaerobic cellular respiration, the electron transport chain requires oxygen.

31
Q

Where does glycolysis occur in the cell?

A

The cytoplasm

32
Q

Where does the Krebs cycle, and electron transport occur in the cell?

A

The mitochondria

33
Q

Which phases of cellular respiration make ATP?

A

All three phases, glycolysis, Kreb’s, and ETC

34
Q

How, specifically, does oxygen enable aerobic cellular respiration?

A

Oxygen accepts high-energy electrons from the electron transport chain

35
Q

What are the products of fermentation?

A

Ethanol (alcohol) and CO2

Intro to Biology - WGU (9 decks)

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