Metabolism Flashcards
Explain the process of photosynthesis…
Light, water, and CO2 is absorbed, and chloroplasts convert these molecules into glucose.
What are the ‘inputs’ of photosynthesis?
Sunlight (energy), CO2 (carbon for sugar), Water (Hydrogen for bonds).
What is the first step of photosynthesis?
The Light-dependent reaction
What are the inputs for the light-dependent reaction?
Light + H20
What are the outputs for the light-dependent reaction?
ATP + NADPH (electron carrier) + O2
What is the second step of photosynthesis?
The light - independent reaction aka (Calvin Cycle)
What are the inputs for the Calvin Cycle?
ATP + NADPH (electron) + CO2
What is the output of the Calvin Cycle
Glucose and ADP
What is the equation for photosynthesis?
Light + H2O + CO2 = Sugar + O2
How does ATP provide energy?
The bonds between the three phosphate groups release alot of energy when broken.
Explain phosphorylation
When one of the phosphate bonds is broken in ATP it then becomes ADP, the ADP travels back and receives its third phosphate group again from the sun.
Explain cellular respiration…
The process by which the body coverts glucose into ATP (opposite of photosynthesis)
What are the inputs of cellular respiration?
Glucose + Oxygen
What are the outputs of cellular respiration?
Water, Carbon Dioxide & ATP
Which organelles are used for photosynthesis & cellular respiration?
Choroplast & Mitochondria
What is the first step in cellular respiration?
Glycolysis - splitting a glucose molecule into two
What are the two molecules created from Glycolysis?
2 Pyruvate molecules (3 carbons each)
How is ATP created from Glycolysis?
Break the bonds when splitting the glucose creates ATP
What are the inputs of glycolysis?
Sugar (6 carbons)
What are the outputs of Glycolysis?
2 pyruvate molecules, ATP, and NADH
Where can the glucose that is needed for glycolysis come from?
For plants, it comes from photosynthesis, for animals it comes from food.
What is the second step of cellular respiration?
Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle)
What happens in the citric acid (Krebs) cycle?
The bonds in the pyruvates get broken, leaving acetyl coA molecules.
What are the inputs of the Krebs cycle?
Pyruvate molecules
What are the outputs of the Krebs cycle?
CO2, FADH2, ATP, NADH
What is the third step in cellular respiration?
Electron Transport Chain
What are the inputs of the electron transport chain?
NADH and FADH2
What are the outputs of the electron transport chain?
Approx 30 ATP molecules
How is cellular respiration similar to actual respiration when we breathe?
Oxygen is the input and CO2 is the output of both types of respiration.
Why doesnt fermentation use the electron transport chain?
Fermentation is anaerobic cellular respiration, the electron transport chain requires oxygen.
Where does glycolysis occur in the cell?
The cytoplasm
Where does the Krebs cycle, and electron transport occur in the cell?
The mitochondria
Which phases of cellular respiration make ATP?
All three phases, glycolysis, Kreb’s, and ETC
How, specifically, does oxygen enable aerobic cellular respiration?
Oxygen accepts high-energy electrons from the electron transport chain
What are the products of fermentation?
Ethanol (alcohol) and CO2
