The Cell Flashcards
Phase and what’s happening

Interphase - a period of general cell growth and DNA replication
Phase and what’s happening

Prophase - nuclear membrane disappears, nucleolus disappears, chromatin condenses into chromosomes, spindle apparatus forms
Phase and what’s happening

Metaphase - chromosomes line up on metaphase plate
Phase and what’s happening

Anaphase - centromere splits to end metaphase/begin anaphase, sister chromatids (now = chromosomes) pulled to opposte poles by spindle apparatus
Phase and what’s happening

Telophase/cytokinesis - chromosomes reach opposite poles and clump; events of prophase are reversed; cytokinesis (division of the cell) is completed
Phase and what’s happening

Anaphase - centromere splits to end metaphase/ begin anaphase; sister chromatids (now = chromosomes) pulled to opposite poles by spindle apparatus
Phase and what’s happening

Interphase - a period of general cell growth and DNA replication
Phase and what’s happening

Metaphase - chromosomes line up on metaphase plate
Phase and what’s happening

Prophase - nuclear membrane disappears, nucleolus disappears, chromatin condenses into chromosomes, spindle apparatus forms
Phase and what’s happening

Telophase - chromosomes reach opposite poles and clump; events of prophase are reversed; cytokinesis is completed
A

Chromosome during prophase
B
Aster (early mitotic spindle) during prophase
C

Centrosome (2 centrioles) during prophase
D

Spindle during metaphase
G

Centromere during metaphase
H

Poles during metaphase
E

Daughter chromatids
I

Cleavage furrow
F

Chromatin
1

Golgi body
2

Rough endoplasmic reticulum (white dots are ribosomes)
3

Centrioles
4

Centrosome
5

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
6

Peroxisome
7

Mitochondria
8

Nuclear membrane
9

Nucleolus
10

Secretory vesicle
11

Lysosome
12

Cytosol (cytoplasm)
13

Cell membrane
Nucleus
Contains chromatin and nucleolus
Nucleolus
Assembles ribosomes
Chromatin (chromosomes in cell division)
Location of DNA (genes); provides genetic regulation of the cell
Nuclear membrane
Double layer of membrane; outer boundary of nucleus
Nuclear pore
Allows maaterial to move between cytoplasm and nucleoplasm
Cell membrane/plasma membrane
Regulates passage of materials into/out of the cell (selectively permeable)
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Synthesis of proteins, short term storage, transport (passageway) & packaging of proteins
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Synthesis of steroids and lipids (not proteins), short term storage, transport (passageway) & packaging of carboydrates/lipids; drug detoxification
Ribosome
Site of protein synthesis
Centriole/centrosome
Produce systems of microtubules like cytoskeleton and spindle apparatus
Golgi body (golgi apparatus)
Synthesis (final assembly of complex molecules), short term storage, transport & packaging of materials - especially for secretion
Secretory vesicles
Export materials via exocytosis
Lysosome
Intracellular digestion of large organic molecules into their simpler components
Peroxisome
Detoxify harmful metabolic toxins like alcohols and hydrogen peroxide
Mitochondrion
Site of aerobic (oxygen requiring) steps of cellular respiration (breakdown glucose to energize ATP)
Cytosol (cytoplasm)
Numerous metabolic reactions and maintains spatial relationships in the cell
Stages of the Mitotic Cell Cycle
Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
Interphase
General cell growth and DNA replication
Prophase
Nuclear membrane disappears, nucleolus disappears, chromatin condenses into chromosomes, spindle apparatus forms
Metaphase
Chromosomes line up in metaphase plate (centromere splits to end metaphase/begin anaphase)
Anaphase
Sister chromatids (now = separate chromosomes) are pulled to the opposite poles by the spindle apparatus
Telophase
Chromosomes reach the opposite poles and clump; events of prophase are reversed (chromosomes to chromatin, nucleolus and nuclear membrane reform, spindle apparatus dismantled); cytokinesis is completed