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A&P 1 > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

Integumentary System Function

A

Protection, insulation, cushion the underlying body tissues and protects the entire body from abrasion, exposure to harmful chemicals, temperature extremes, and bacterial invasion.

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2
Q

2 regions of the skin

A

Epidermis and dermis

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3
Q

Deep to the dermis is?

A

Hypodermis or superficial fascia, which is not considered part of the skin. Consisting primarily of adipose tissue.

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4
Q

Epidermis Layers (superficial to deep)

A

Stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale

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5
Q

Stratum Corneum

A

Most superficial layer; 20-30 layers of dead cells, essentially flat membranous sacs filled with keratin; glycolipids in extracellular space

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6
Q

Stratum Lucidum

A

A very thin translucent band of flattened dead keratinocytes with indistinct boundaries. Not present in thin skin

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7
Q

Stratum Granulosum

A

One to five layers of flattened cells, organelles deteriorating; cytoplasm full of lamellar granules (release lipids) and keratohyaline granules

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8
Q

Stratum Spinosum

A

Several layers of keratinocytes joined by desmosomes. Cells contain thick bundles of intermediate filaments made of pre-keratin

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9
Q

Stratum Basale

A

Deepest epidermal layer; one row of actively mitotic stem cells; some newly formed cells become part of the more superficial layers.

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10
Q

Keratin

A

A fibrous protein that gives the epidermis its durability and protective capabilities

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11
Q

Keratinocytes

A

The most abundant epidermal cells, their main function is to produce keratin fibrils; connected to each other by desmosomes

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12
Q

Melanocytes

A

Spidery black cells that produce the brown to black pigment called melanin.

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13
Q

Melanin

A

Provides a protective pigment umbrella over the nuclei of the cells in the deeper epidermal layers, thus shielding their genetic material (DNA) from the damaging effects of UV radiation

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14
Q

Dendritic cells (langerhans cells)

A

Play a role in immunity

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15
Q

Tactile (Merkel) cells

A

Occasionally spiky hemispheres that, in combination with sensory nerve endings, form sensitive touch receptors called tactile or merkel discs located at the epidermal-dermal junction

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16
Q

Dermis Layers (superficial to deep)

A

Papillary layer and Reticular layer

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17
Q

Dermis

A

Dense irregular connective tissue that varies in thickness.

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18
Q

Papillary layer

A

More superficial dermal region composed of areolar connective tissue. Contains dermal papillae, capillary networks, pain (free nerve endings) and touch receptors (tactile corpuscles in hairless skin)

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19
Q

Dermal papillae function

A

Attach the dermis to the epidermis, form the fingerprints

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20
Q

Reticular layer

A

Deepest skin layer composed of dense irregular connective tissue and contains many arteries and veins, sweat and sebaceous glands, and pressure receptors (lamellar corpuscles)

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21
Q

Hypodermis

A

Deep to the dermis, AKA superficial fascia, not considered part of the skin. Consists primarily of adipose tissue.

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22
Q

Eccrine Gland

A

AKA merocrine sweat glands, distributed all over the body. Produce a clear perspiration consisting primarily of water, salts (mostly NaCl), and urea. Under the control of the Nervous system, important for heat regulation.

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23
Q

Apocrine Gland

A

Found predominantly in the axillary and genital areas, secrete basic components of eccrine sweat plus proteins and fat-rich substances. Function unknown but thought to be the human equivalent of the sexual scent glands of other animals

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24
Q

Sebaceous Gland

A

Found nearly all over the skin except for palms and soles. Ducts usually empty into a hair follicle but some open on the skin surface. Produce Sebum which is a mixture of oily substances and fragmented cells that acts as a lubricant to keep the skin soft and moist and hair from becoming brittle.

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25
Q

Arrector pili muscle

A

Small bands of smooth muscle cells connect each hair follicle to the papillary layer of the dermis. Contracts and follicle is pulled upright. Also puts pressure on sebaceous glands around follicle releasing sebum

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26
Q

Meissner’s corpuscle

A

Nerve ending in skin responsible for sensing light touch. Located near the dermal papilla. AKA tactile or Merkel discs.

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27
Q

Pacinian corpuscle

A

Nerve endings in skin responsible for sensing pressure and vibration. Located deeper than meissner’s corpuscles. AKA Lamellar corpuscles

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28
Q

1

A

Eccrine Sweat Gland

29
Q

2

A

Pacinian Corpuscle

30
Q

3

A

Adipose Tissue

31
Q

4

A

Reticular Layer of Dermis

32
Q

5

A

Apocrine Gland

33
Q

6

A

Sebaceous Gland

34
Q

7

A

Meissner’s Corpuscle

35
Q

8

A

Hair Shaft

36
Q

9

A

Arrector Pili Muscle

37
Q

10

A

Epidermis

38
Q

11

A

Hair Root

39
Q
A

The Integument

40
Q

I

A

Epidermis consisting of stratum corneum, lucidum, granulosum and spinosum

41
Q

a

A

Stratum Corneum

42
Q

b

A

Stratum lucidum

43
Q

c

A

Stratum Granulosum

44
Q

d

A

Stratum spinosum

45
Q

f

A

Dermal papilla connecting dermis to epidermis

46
Q

III

A

Hypodermis

47
Q

II

A

Dermis

48
Q

h

A

Eccrine sweat gland

49
Q

j

A

Duct to skin surface

50
Q

u

A

Pacinian corpuscle (lamellar) for deep pressure

51
Q

v

A

Free nerve ending

52
Q

w

A

Meissner’s corpuscle for light pressure sense

53
Q

a

A

Stratum corneum

54
Q

c

A

Stratum granulosum

55
Q

d

A

Stratum spinosum

56
Q

I (hair)

A

Medulla

57
Q

g

A

Adipose tissue

58
Q

h

A

Eccrine sweat gland (with the long duct)

59
Q

l (gland)

A

Apocrine sweat gland (little duct and attaches to hair follicle)

60
Q

u

A

Pacinian corpuscle

61
Q

e

A

Stratum basale (germinativum)

62
Q

A

A

Hair follicle

63
Q

B

A

Hair bulb

64
Q

j

A

Hair shaft

65
Q

x

A

Arrector pili muscle

66
Q

h

A

Eccrine sweat gland

67
Q

n & o

A

Sebaceous gland (secrete sebum)

68
Q

u

A

Pacinian corpuscle

69
Q
A

A&P 1 (15 decks)

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