Muscle Actions Flashcards by Jenny Wahby

Epicranius frontalis

Raise eyebrows

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Epicranius occipitalis

Pull scalp posteriorly or fix aponeurosis

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Orbicularis oculi

Close eye and pull eyebrow downward

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Orbicularis oris

Close and protrude lips

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Masseter

Elevate mandible (close jaw)

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Temporalis

Elevate mandible (close jaw)

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Sternocleidomastoid

Flexion of neck or rotate head toward opposite shoulder

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Digastric

Elevate hyoid bone or depress mandible (open jaw)

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Mylohyoid

Elevate hyoid bone & base of tongue

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Sternohyoid

Depress larynx and hyoid bone

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Pectoralis major

Adduct and medially rotate arm or pull chest upward to inhale

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Serratus anterior

Pull scapula anterior/inferior; raise ribs to inhale

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Deltoid

Abduct arm or flexion, extension or rotation of humerus

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Pectoralis minor

Move scapula anterior/inferior; raise ribs to inhale

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Rectus abdominis

Flex vertebral column, depress ribs, compress abdomen causing increased abdominal pressure to exhale

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External oblique

Flex vertebral column, depress ribs, constrict & compress abdomen causing increased abdominal pressure to exhale, rotate trunk to opposite side

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Internal oblique

Same actions as external oblique (flex vertebral column, depress ribs, constrict & compress abdomen causing increased abdominal pressure to exhale) but in perpendicular direction and rotate trunk to same side

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Transverse abdominis

Compress abdomen to exhale

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Trapezius

Extend head; adduct or abduct scapula and elevate or depress scapula

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Latissimus dorsi

Extend, adduct and medially rotate arm

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Infraspinatus

Stabilizes the shoulder joint & laterally rotates the arm

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Teres minor

Stabilizes the shoulder joint & laterally rotates the arm

Supraspinatus

Stabilizes the shoulder joint & abducts the arm

Subscapularis

Stabilizes the shoulder joint & medially rotates the arm

Levator scapulae

Elevates and adducts scapula or flexes neck

Rhomboids

Retracts scapula (squares shoulders) and fixes (stabilizes) scapula

Biceps brachii

Flex forearm (strong) & arm (weakly); supinate hand

Brachioradialis

Flex forearm

Brachialis

Flex forearm

Triceps brachii

Powerfully extend forearm

Pronator teres

Pronate & weakly flex forearm

Flexor carpi radialis

Flex and abduct hand at wrist

Palmaris longus

Flex hand at wrist

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Flex and adduct hand at wrist

Extensor carpi radialis

Extend & abduct hand at wrist

Extensor digitorum

Extends fingers and hand at wrist

Extensor carpi ulnaris

Extend and adduct hand at wrist

Iliopsoas (iliacus & posas major together)

Flex trunk or thigh at hip

Sartorius

Flex, abduct & laterally rotate thigh; flex shank

Quadriceps femoris (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis & vastus medialis)

Extends and stabilizes knee

Tensor fasciae latae

Flex, abduct, and medially rotate thigh

Adductor muscles (A. magnus, A. longus, & A. brevis)

Adduct, flex, and medially rotate thigh

Pectineus

Adduct, flex, and medially rotate thigh

Gracilis

Adduct and flex thigh

Gluteus maximus

Laterally rotate, abduct & powerfully extend thigh

Gluteus medius

Abduct and medially rotate thigh

Biceps femoris

Extend thigh, flex knee, & laterally rotate leg

Semitendinosus

Extend thigh, flex knee, & medially rotate leg

Semimembranosus

Extend thigh, flex knee, & medially rotate leg

Fibularis longus

Plantar flex & evert foot

Tibialis anterior

Dorsiflex & invert foot

Extensor digitorum longus

Extend toes and dorsiflex foot

Triceps surae (Gastrocnemius)

Plantar flex foot, may flex knee

Triceps surae (Soleus)

Plantar flex foot