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A&P 1 > The Axial Skeleton > Flashcards

The Axial Skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up the Axial Skeleton?

A

Skull, vertebral column, and bony thorax

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2
Q

What are the three subgroups of the skull?

A

Cranium, facial bones, and associated bones (hyoid bone and ear ossicles)

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3
Q

Function of the cranium

A

Enclose and protect the fragile brain tissue

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4
Q

Function of the facial bones

A

Support the eyes and position them anteriorly. Also provide attachment sites for facial muscles.

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5
Q

Frontal bone

A

Anterior portion of cranium; forms the forehead, superior part of the orbit, and floor of anterior cranial fossa

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6
Q

Parietal bones

A

Posterolateral to the frontal bone, forming sides of cranium

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7
Q

Temporal bones

A

Inferior to parietal bone on lateral skull. 3 parts: Squamous, tympanic, and petrous

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8
Q

Sagittal suture

A

Midline articulation point of the two parietal bones

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9
Q

Coronal suture

A

Point of articulation of parietals with frontal bone

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10
Q

Squamous suture

A

Point of articulation of the temporal bone with the parietal bone

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11
Q

Zygomatic process

A

Bridgelike projection joining the zygomatic bone (cheekbone) anteriorly.

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12
Q

Mandibular Fossa

A

Rounded depression on the inferior surface of the zygomatic process (anterior to the ear); forms the socket for the condylar process of the mandible, where the mandible joins the cranium

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13
Q

External acoustic meatus

A

Canal leading to eardrum and middle ear

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14
Q

Styloid Process

A

Needlelike projection inferior to external acoustic meatus; attachment point for muscles and ligaments of the neck.

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15
Q

Zygomatic Arch

A

Zygomatic bone and zygomatic process

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16
Q

Mastoid Process

A

Rough projection inferior and posterior to external acoustic meatus; attachment site for muscles.

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17
Q

Occipital bone

A

Most posterior bone of cranium - forms floor and back wall. Joins sphenoid bone anteriorly via its narrow basilar part.

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18
Q

Foramen Magnum

A

Large opening in base of occipital, which allows the spinal cord to join with the brain

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19
Q

Occipital Condyles

A

Rounded projections lateral to the foramen magnum that articulate with the first cervical vertebra (atlas)

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20
Q

Sphenoid bone

A

Bat-shaped bone forming the anterior plateau of the middle cranial fossa across the width of the skull. Is the keystone of the cranium because it articulates with all other cranial bones.

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21
Q

Greater wings of Sphenoid

A

Portions of the sphenoid seen exteriorly anterior to the temporal and forming a part of the eye orbits

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22
Q

Sella Turcica

A

A saddle-shaped region in the sphenoid midline. Hypophyseal fossa surrounds pituitary gland (hypophysis)

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23
Q

Lesser wings of Sphenoid

A

Bat-shaped portions of the sphenoid anterior to the sella turcica

24
Q

Optic Canal (optic foramen)

A

Openings int he bases of the lesser wings through which the optic nerves (cranial nerve II) enter the orbits to serve the eyes.

25
Q

Ethmoid Bone

A

Irregularly shaped bone anterior to the sphenoid. Forms the roof of the nasal cavity, upper nasal septum, and part of the medial orbit walls.

26
Q

Crista galli

A

Vertical projection providing a point of attachment for the dura mater, helping to secure the brain within the skull

27
Q

Cribriform plates

A

Bony plates lateral to the crista gallithrough which olfactory fibers (cranial nerve I) pass to the brain from the nasal mucosal through the cribriform foramina.

28
Q

Mandible

A

The lower jawbone, which articulates with the temporal bones in the only freely movable joints of the skull

29
Q

Condylar head (process)

A

Articulation point of the mandible with the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone

30
Q

Mental foramen

A

Prominent opening on the body (lateral to the midline) that transmits the mental blood vessels and nerve to the lower jaw

31
Q

Mandibular foramen

A

On the medial aspect of the mandibular rams. Foramen permits passage of the nerve involved with tooth sensation (mandibular branch of cranial nerve V)

32
Q

Maxilla

A

Two bones fused in a median suture; form the upper jawbone and part of the orbits. All facial bones, except mandible, join the maxilla.

33
Q

Palatine process

A

Form the anterior hard palate; meet medially in the inter maxillary suture

34
Q

Palatine bones

A

Paired bones posterior to the palatine processes; form posterior hard palate and part of the orbit; meet medially at the median palatine suture

35
Q

Zygomatic bones

A

Lateral to the maxilla; forms the portion of the face commonly called the cheekbone, and forms part of the lateral orbit. Its three processes are named for the bones with which they articulate

36
Q

Lacrimal bones

A

Fingernail-sized bones forming a part of the medial orbit walls between the maxilla and the ethmoid. Each lacrimal bone is pierced by an opening, the lacrimal fossa, which serves as a passageway for tears.

37
Q

Nasal bones

A

Small rectangular bones forming the bridge of the nose

38
Q

Vomer

A

Blade-shaped bone in median plane of nasal cavity that forms the posterior and inferior nasal septum

39
Q

Inferior nasal conchae

A

Thin curved bones protruding medially from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity; serve the same purpose as the turbinate portions of the ethmoid bone.

40
Q

What are the paranasal sinuses?

A

Frontal sinus, ethmoid air cells, sphenoidal sinus, and maxillary sinus

41
Q

Hyoid bone

A

Located in the throat above the larynx. Serves as a point of attachment for many tongue and neck muscles. Does not articulate with any other bone.

42
Q

Lambdoid suture

A

Site of articulation of occipital bone and parietal bone

43
Q

Vertebral column function

A

Forms the body’s major axial support. Surrounds and protects the spinal cord while allowing spinal nerves to emerge.

44
Q

Body (Centrum) of vertebra

A

Rounded central portion of the vertebra, which faces anteriorly in the human vertebral column

45
Q

Vertebral arch

A

Composed of pedicles, laminae, and a spinous process, it represents the junction of all posterior extensions from the vertebral body

46
Q

Vertebral foramen

A

Opening enclosed by the body and vertebral arch; a passageway for the spinal cord

47
Q

Transverse processes

A

Two lateral projections from the vertebral arch

48
Q

Spinous process

A

Single medial and posterior projection from the vertebral arch

49
Q

Superior and inferior articular processes

A

Paired projections lateral to the vertebral foramen that enable articulation with adjacent vertebrae. The superior articular process typically face toward the spinous process (posteriorly), whereas the inferior articular processes face (anteriorly) away from the spinous process.

50
Q

Intervertebral foramina

A

The right and left pedicles have notches on their inferior and superior suffices that create openings, the intervertebral foramen, for spinal nerves to leave the spinal cord between adjacent vertebrae

51
Q

Intervertebral disc

A

A pad of fibrocartilage that cushions the vertebrae and absorbs shock.

52
Q

5 division of the vertebral column

A

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, and coccyx

53
Q

Number of cervical vertebrae

A

7

54
Q

Number of thoracic vertebrae

A

12

55
Q

Number of lumbar vertebrae

A

5

56
Q

Number of sacral vertebrae

A

5

57
Q

Number of coccygeal vertebrae

A

Usually 4

A&P 1 (15 decks)

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