The Cell

Question 1

98% of the cell membrane is made up of lipids. Of those lipids, 75% are _________, 20% are _________, and 5% are _________.

Answer 1

phospholipids; cholesterol; glycolipids

Question 2

Proteins in the cell membrane that open and close to allow ions into or out of the cell are called

Answer 2

ion channels

Question 3

Proteins in the cell membrane that receive signals from other cells are called

Answer 3

receptors

Question 4

Proteins in the cell membrane that allow the immune system to identify a cell as one of your own cells (and not attack it) are called

Answer 4

cell identity markers

Question 5

Proteins in the cell membrane that allow cells to bind to each other are called

Answer 5

cell adhesion molecules

Question 6

Proteins in the cell membrane that break down messenger molecules (so that they don’t keep signaling the cells) are a type of

Answer 6

enzymes

Question 7

The plasma membrane is selectively permeable. What does this mean?

Answer 7

only certain substances can pass through it

Question 8

When particles are driven through a membrane by the hydrostatic pressure of water, as in human capillaries and parts of the kidneys, it is called

Answer 8

filtration

Question 9

Which of the following factors does NOT affect the rate of diffusion through a membrane?
temperature
the permeability of the membrane
the size of the molecules
the amount of ATP available
steepness of the concentration gradient
surface area of the membrane

Answer 9

the amount of ATP available

Question 10

When water passes through a membrane due to the relative concentrations of water molecules, the process is called

Answer 10

osmosis

Question 11

If a solution with a higher concentration of non-permeating particles, such as salt water, is added to human body tissues, that solution is considered to be ____________ to human cells. and will cause the cells to ____________.

Answer 11

hypertonic; crenate (shrink)

Question 12

If distilled water (100% pure water) is added to human body tissues, that solution is considered to be ____________ to human cells. and will cause the cells to ____________.

Answer 12

hypotonic; burst

Question 13

A ___________ membrane carrier carries only one solute at a time, while a __________ carrier carries 2 solutes in the same direction, and a __________ carrier carries 2 solutes in opposite directions.

Answer 13

uniport; symport; antiport

Question 14

Which of the following is true of active transport?

Answer 14

it requires a carrier protein
it forces molecules against their concentration gradient
it requires energy in the form of ATP
all of the above are true of active transport

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT true of the sodium-potassium pump?

the gradient it creates can be used to transport other molecules without utilizing additional energy
it helps to regulate cell osmolarity and volume
it pumps 2 sodium into the cell and 3 potassium out of the cell
it maintains a resting membrane potential for cells to generate electricity
it can be used to produce heat to help maintain body temperature

Answer 15

it pumps 2 sodium into the cell and 3 potassium out of the cell

Question 16

The form of vesicular transport that is sometimes called “cell eating” because large particles are engulfed is actually called

Answer 16

phagocytosis

Question 17

The form of vesicular transport that cells use to expel waste is called

Answer 17

exocytosis

Question 18

Using vesicular transport to move substance into one side of a cell, transport it across the cell, and then release it out of the other side of the cell is called

Answer 18

transcytosis

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a membrane-bound organelle?

Answer 19

ribosome

Question 20

A cell that specializes in producing and releasing proteins would be expected to have an unusually high amount of

Answer 20

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 21

Cells that have very high energy requirements would be expected to have a high number of __________ in order to be able to meet those energy requirements.

Answer 21

mitochondria

Question 22

Non-motile cilia are important for ____________, while motile cilia are important for ___________.

Answer 22

taking in sensory info; moving substances across the surface of the cells

Question 23

When looking at the cytoskeleton of the cell, the __________ are important in maintaining a cell’s shape, while __________ are important in muscle contraction and cleavage, and ___________ are important for protecting cells from being torn apart.

Answer 23

microtubules; microfilaments; intermediate filaments

Question 24

Which of the following is NOT one of the nitrogenous bases found in DNA?

Answer 24

Uracil (U)

Question 25

When a cell activates the genes it needs to develop into a specialized, mature cell, the process is called

Answer 25

differentiation

Question 26

Stem cells that can differentiate into most, but not all types of cells are called

Answer 26

pluripotent

Question 27

When DNA is wrapped around histones to make it 1000x shorter and protect it from breakage, it is called

Answer 27

chromatin

Question 28

Which of the following shows the stages of DNA Replication in the correct order?

Answer 28

Initiation -> Elongation -> Termination

Question 29

In order for DNA replication to occur, ___________ must unzip the DNA to expose the bases, and __________ must attach the bases together to form the new DNA strand.

Answer 29

helicase; DNA polymerase

Question 30

When a gene is ___________, it is turned on to make the protein that it codes for.

Answer 30

expressed

Question 31

Amino acids in a protein are coded for by sequences of __ bases called ____________.

Answer 31

3; codons

Question 32

_________ RNA carries the genetic information from the nucleus to the ribosomes, while _________ RNA delivers the amino acids to the ribosomes for assembly, and _________ RNA comes together to form the ribosomes.

Answer 32

messenger; transfer; ribosomal

Question 33

Copying genetic instructions from the DNA to the RNA is called ___________, while converting the genetic information from mRNA to the amino acid sequence of a protein is called ___________.

Answer 33

transcription; translation

Question 34

The molecule that elongates the mRNA during transcription is called

Answer 34

RNA Polymerase

Question 35

The part of a tRNA molecule that binds to a complementary mRNA codon is called a(n) __________

Answer 35

anticodon

Question 36

Cells accumulate the necessary resources and replicate DNA for mitosis during ___________.

Answer 36

interphase

Question 37

Which of the following is NOT a function of mitosis?
replacement of cells that have died
repair of damaged tissues
growth of organs and tissues
creating gametes (egg and sperm cells)

Answer 37

creating gametes (egg and sperm cells)

Question 38

During mitosis, chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell during ____________, and are pulled away from each other to opposite sides of the cell during ____________.

Answer 38

metaphase; anaphase

Question 39

Which of the following conditions must be met for mitosis to move forward under normal circumstances?

Answer 39

There must be enough cytoplasm for 2 daughter cells
DNA replication must be complete
There must be enough nutrients for the process to occur
The chromosomes must be in the correct positions during each phase
All of the above conditions must be met for mitosis to move forward

Question 40

If there are not enough nutrients, growth factors, or space for new cells, then

Answer 40

mitosis will stop

Question 41

Which of the following best describes cancer?

Answer 41

cancer is when your own cells get mutated and enter an unregulated state of mitosis