Respitory System

Question 1

The pitch of one’s voice can be adjusted by adjusting the tension of the vocal cords through the use of the ____________.

Answer 1

arytenoids

Question 2

The portion of the pharynx that is located behind the nose, and contains the pharyngeal tonsil, is called the

Answer 2

Nasopharynx

Question 3

The portion of the pharynx that is located behind the mouth, and contains the palatine and lingual tonsils, is called the

Answer 3

Oropharynx

Question 4

In the larynx, it is the __________ and __________ that prevent the aspiration of food and liquid, while the ___________ produce sound.

Answer 4

vestibular folds; epiglottis; true vocal cords

Question 5

The oropharynx and laryngopharynx pass _____________ and are lined by ______________.

Answer 5

air, food, and drink; stratified squamous epithelium

Question 6

The trachea is prevented from collapsing under the pressure of inhalation due to the presence of

Answer 6

rings of cartilage

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a function of the nose?

Answer 7

directly exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide from inhaled air with the blood

Question 8

The anterior aspect of the trachea contains ____________, while the posterior aspect contains ____________.

Answer 8

cartilage; the trachealis muscle

Question 9

The primary bronchi enter the lungs at the

Answer 9

hilum

Question 10

The cells in the alveoli of the lungs that accomplish gas exchange are the

Answer 10

Type I alveolar cells

Question 11

The cells in the alveoli of the lungs that keep the alveoli clean through phagocytosis are the

Answer 11

Alveolar macrophages

Question 12

The right lung has ____ lobes and ____ segments.

Answer 12

3 10

Question 13

The small airways deep in the lungs with smooth muscle walls and no cartilage that are responsible for bronchomotion (dilating and constricting to adjust airflow) are the

Answer 13

bronchioles

Question 14

The cells in the alveoli of the lungs that secrete pulmonary surfactant to prevent lung collapse are the

Answer 14

Type II alveolar cells

Question 15

The raised structure present at the bifurcation (split) of the trachea that induces violent coughing if food or drink makes it in is called the

Answer 15

carina

Question 16

In order to get air into the lungs

Answer 16

the volume of the lungs increases to drop the pressure below that of the air around us

Question 17

In order for air to flow into the lungs

Answer 17

the pressure in the lungs must be lower than the pressure of the air in the atmosphere around us

Question 18

The primary control center that actually makes you breathe is the

Answer 18

medulla oblongata

Question 19

In normal, healthy lungs, exhalation (expiration) at rest is accomplished by

Answer 19

the natural elasticity of the lungs

Question 20

The MAIN muscle for breathing is

Answer 20

the diaphragm

Question 21

Which of the following will determine the rate of diffusion of oxygen into the blood within the alveoli of the lungs?

Answer 21

the partial pressure of oxygen in the air entering the alveol

Question 22

An increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in the alveoli of the lungs would be expected to trigger which of the following?

Answer 22

bronchodilation (and increased respiratory rate)

Question 23

Excess accumulation of oxygen in an alveolus will usually trigger

Answer 23

vasodilation to increase blood flow to that alveolus

Question 24

The normal range for oxygen saturation in human blood is

Answer 24

95-99%

Question 25

Oxygen dissociation from hemoglobin at tissues is increased by all of the following EXCEPT

Answer 25

low carbon dioxide concentration

Question 26

Under normal circumstances, even in deoxygenated blood, overall oxygen saturation usually does not drop below

Answer 26

75%

Question 27

The majority of carbon dioxide in the blood is

Answer 27

transported as bicarbonate

Question 28

Acclimation to long-term exposure to high altitudes may include all of the following EXCEPT

Answer 28

increased superoxide dismutase

Question 29

Altitude sickness can be treated by
*

Answer 29

descending to a lower altitude

Question 30

An increased respiratory rate that is independent of oxygen needs, and can thus lead to syncope (fainting) is called

Answer 30

hyperventilation

Question 31

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of altitude sickness?

Answer 31

all of the above are symptoms of altitude sickness

Question 32

An increased respiratory rate due to an increased need for oxygen is called

Answer 32

hypernea