Respitory System Flashcards
The pitch of one’s voice can be adjusted by adjusting the tension of the vocal cords through the use of the ____________.
arytenoids
The portion of the pharynx that is located behind the nose, and contains the pharyngeal tonsil, is called the
Nasopharynx
The portion of the pharynx that is located behind the mouth, and contains the palatine and lingual tonsils, is called the
Oropharynx
In the larynx, it is the __________ and __________ that prevent the aspiration of food and liquid, while the ___________ produce sound.
vestibular folds; epiglottis; true vocal cords
The oropharynx and laryngopharynx pass _____________ and are lined by ______________.
air, food, and drink; stratified squamous epithelium
The trachea is prevented from collapsing under the pressure of inhalation due to the presence of
rings of cartilage
Which of the following is NOT a function of the nose?
directly exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide from inhaled air with the blood
The anterior aspect of the trachea contains ____________, while the posterior aspect contains ____________.
cartilage; the trachealis muscle
The primary bronchi enter the lungs at the
hilum
The cells in the alveoli of the lungs that accomplish gas exchange are the
Type I alveolar cells
The cells in the alveoli of the lungs that keep the alveoli clean through phagocytosis are the
Alveolar macrophages
The right lung has ____ lobes and ____ segments.
3 10
The small airways deep in the lungs with smooth muscle walls and no cartilage that are responsible for bronchomotion (dilating and constricting to adjust airflow) are the
bronchioles
The cells in the alveoli of the lungs that secrete pulmonary surfactant to prevent lung collapse are the
Type II alveolar cells
The raised structure present at the bifurcation (split) of the trachea that induces violent coughing if food or drink makes it in is called the
carina
In order to get air into the lungs
the volume of the lungs increases to drop the pressure below that of the air around us
In order for air to flow into the lungs
the pressure in the lungs must be lower than the pressure of the air in the atmosphere around us
The primary control center that actually makes you breathe is the
medulla oblongata
In normal, healthy lungs, exhalation (expiration) at rest is accomplished by
the natural elasticity of the lungs
The MAIN muscle for breathing is
the diaphragm
Which of the following will determine the rate of diffusion of oxygen into the blood within the alveoli of the lungs?
the partial pressure of oxygen in the air entering the alveol
An increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in the alveoli of the lungs would be expected to trigger which of the following?
bronchodilation (and increased respiratory rate)
Excess accumulation of oxygen in an alveolus will usually trigger
vasodilation to increase blood flow to that alveolus
The normal range for oxygen saturation in human blood is
95-99%
Oxygen dissociation from hemoglobin at tissues is increased by all of the following EXCEPT
low carbon dioxide concentration
Under normal circumstances, even in deoxygenated blood, overall oxygen saturation usually does not drop below
75%
The majority of carbon dioxide in the blood is
transported as bicarbonate
Acclimation to long-term exposure to high altitudes may include all of the following EXCEPT
increased superoxide dismutase
Altitude sickness can be treated by
*
descending to a lower altitude
An increased respiratory rate that is independent of oxygen needs, and can thus lead to syncope (fainting) is called
hyperventilation
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of altitude sickness?
all of the above are symptoms of altitude sickness
An increased respiratory rate due to an increased need for oxygen is called
hypernea
