Lymphatic and Immune System Flashcards
The specialized lymphatic structures that absorb
lipids in the small intestine are called
lacteals
A patient suffers from metastatic cancer that has
spread to and obstructed the local lymphatics,
causing an accumulation of fluid known as
lymphedema
Lymph from below diaphragm, left arm, left side of
head, neck, and thorax empties into left subclavian
vein via the
thoracic duct
Similar to blood in veins, the backflow of lymph in lymphatic vessels is prevented by
valves
Which of the following is not true of lymph nodes?
they produce T cells and B cells
Within the spleen, erythrocytes are destroyed in the
_____ pulp, while lymphocytes monitor the blood in
the _____ pulp.
red; white
Where do T cells become immunocompetent?
thymus
The lymphoid nodules of the pharynx are more
commonly called
tonsils
The red bone marrow and thymus are considered
primary lymphatic organs because, in both organs
cells of the immune system become immunocompetent
Which of the following has the least impact on the flow of lymph through the body?
the pumping action of the heart
Immunocompetent lymphocytes that have not yet
encountered their target pathogen are called
naïve lymphocytes
Which of the following is not true of macrophages?
they release antibodies
Cells of the nonspecific immune response cover their
membranes with ________________ that recognize general
patterns of a wide variety of pathogenic molecules
pattern recognition receptors
One difference between cytokines and chemokines is that cytokines tend to work ___________, while chemokines tend to work _____________.
over short distances; over longer distances
Which of the following is not one of the four cardinal signs of inflammation?
bleeding
Which of the following is not true of interferons?
they are highly beneficial to the cell that secretes them
In order to make pathogens more “appetizing” to phagocytes, they must be coated with a variety of specific molecules in a process called
opsonization
All of the following are true of natural killer (NK) cells except
they release antibodies against foreign invaders
All 3 pathways of complement activation (classical,
alternative, and lectin) all converge with the dissociation of _____, leading to inflammation, immune clearance,
phagocytosis, and cytolysis.
C3
Which type of immune cell, targeted by the HIV virus, plays an important role in tying the humoral and cellular responses together?
Helper T cells
When “testing” thymocytes in the thymus to become mature T cells, positive selection looks for ____________, while negative selection ____________.
cells that can bind to MHC complexes; kills cells that would attack the body
Which of the following is not true of cytotoxic T cells?
they release antibodies against foreign invaders
MHC class I proteins are expressed by ____________, while MHC class II molecules are expressed by ____________.
most cells in the body; “professional” APCs only
Which of the following immunoglobulins is not correctly paired with its primary function(s) in the human body?
IgD: stimulates the release of diphenhydramine to promote NK cell function
After encountering their pathogen, activated B cells differentiate into _____________ that synthesize and release antibodies to mark pathogens for destruction.
plasma cells
A fetus receiving antibodies through the placenta or an infant receiving antibodies through breast milk are both examples of
natural passive immunity
Which of the following is true of the variable region on an antibody?
it is highly specific to the pathogen it is designed for
Which of the following is NOT true about vaccines?
they harm more people than they help due to severe side effects
