Nervous System Anatomy Flashcards
The largest division of the brain is the
cerebrum
The surface of the cerebrum is called the
cortex
The small winding grooves on the surface of the brain are called
sulci
How many lobes is the cerebral cortex divided into?
4
The function of the primary motor cortex is to control
movement of the body
Broca’s area is mainly involved in
speech production
Which of the following best describes the main functions of the prefrontal cortex?
personality, short-term memory, and consciousness
A patient with Broca’s Aphasia would present with which of the following symptoms?
an inability to speak coherently
The ability to sense the position of your body parts in space without having to look at them (ex. looking at the ball when swinging a bat instead of having to look at your arms) is called
Proprioception
Which part of the parietal lobe is responsible for processing your sense of touch?
Primary Somatosensory Cortex
The Primary Gustatory Cortex processes the sense of
taste
The primary function of the Occipital Lobe is taking in and processing
vision
Which part of the temporal lobe is responsible for processing your sense of hearing?
Primary Auditory Cortex
The primary subcortical location for the production of ACH in the brain, which is important in overall activity of the cortex and attention to stimuli is/are the
basal forebrain
A major subcortical part of the limbic system that contributes to emotional responses and assists in long-term memory formation is/are the:
hippocampus and amygdala
Although it also has roles in things like emotions and behavior, the major function of the basal nucleus (aka basal ganglia) is
allowing, blocking, and learning movements
The part of the brain that connects the limbic system (emotions) to the rest of the brain is the
epithalamus
The part of the brain that essentially acts as a relay station to process and send sensory information to the correct locations in the brain is the
thalamus
The part of the brain that indirectly controls the endocrine system by controlling the pituitary gland is the
hypothalamus
The main connection between the brain stem and the cerebellum is the
pons
Which of the following brain structures, which gets impaired in heroine and morphine overdoses, has the most direct control over involuntary functions of the body, such as breathing, heart rate, blood pressure, and vomiting?
medulla oblongata
Ataxic gait is often mistaken for drunkenness. What part of the brain is affected to cause this difficulty balancing when walking?
cerebellum
You hear a bird chirping and can visualize that the sound is coming from above you. Which part of the brain is responsible for this ability to visualize where a sound is coming from?
midbrain
The part of the CNS that acts like a large cluster of wires connecting sensory input from and motor output to the body is the
spinal cord
A group of neuron cell bodies in the PNS is called a
ganglion
The perineurium of a nerve is a connective tissue layer that surrounds
a fascicle of neurons
Sympathetic ganglia are generally located near the _____________, while parasympathetic ganglia are usually located near the _____________.
vertebral column; organs they regulate
A signal to speed up heart rate and respiratory rate would most likely pass through ____________
sympathetic chain ganglia
A signal to slow down heart rate and respiratory rate would most likely pass through ____________
terminal ganglia
Which of the following signals would pass through the DORSAL ROOT of a spinal nerve.
the sensation of a cotton swab rubbing against the arm
An impairment of the ability to move extrinsic (external) muscles of the eye could result from damage to any of the following craninal nerves EXCEPT
olfactory
Difficulty in feeling your face could result from damage to which of the following cranial nerves?
trigeminal
Damage to the optic nerve could most directly result in which of the following?
blindness
Which of the following could result in a person looking “cross-eyed” in only 1 eye?
cranial nerve VI palsy
Which of the following cranial nerves is a mixed nerve?
CN V (Trigeminal)
Which of the cranial nerves extends from the brain stem to the abdomen and is responsible for aiding in involuntary functions in thoracic and abdominal organs required to maintain homeostasis?
vagus
Difficulty balancing or hearing could result from damage to the ____________ nerve.
vestibulocochlear
Difficulty in making facial expressions could result from damage to which of the following cranial nerves?
facial
Damage to all of the following could affect movement of the mouth or tongue EXCEPT
vagus
Some of the neck muscles receive motor signals from the ____________ nerve.
accessory
Damage to the brachial plexus could cause numbness and/or weakness to which part of the body?
arm
The intercostal nerves arise from fibers coming from spinal nerves in the ____________ region.
thoracic
Which of the following sends out the phrenic nerve to the diaphragm?
cervical plexus
Sciatica is a condition in which patients may experience pain and numbness in the back and leg due to compression or inflammation of the sciatic nerve. From which nerve plexus does the sciatic nerve arise?
sacral plexus
