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anatomy > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

Molecules that can ionize in water and generate an electric current are called

A

electrolytes

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2
Q

Free radicals can be neutralized by

A

antioxidants

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3
Q

Which of the following is NOT an inorganic element of the human body?

A

Aluminum

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4
Q

Unstable atoms with unpaired electrons that can damage tissues are called

A

Free radicals

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5
Q

Which of the following is not a property of water?

A

It is an electrically neutral molecule

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6
Q

Which of the following best represents the normal pH range of human blood

A

7.35 - 7.45

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7
Q

A(n) ___________ resists changes in pH

A

buffer

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8
Q

Water stabilizes ions in solution by forming __________ around them.

A

hydration spheres

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9
Q

Which of the following is true about the different substances found in a mixture?

A

They each retain their own chemical properties

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10
Q

The basis for chemical reactions occurring is

A

molecular motion and collisions

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11
Q

Smaller molecules combine to create larger molecules in ________________ reactions, while large molecules are broken down into smaller ones in _______________ reactions, and atoms are exchanged in ________________ reactions.

A

synthesis; decomposition; exchange

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12
Q

__________________ reactions can go in either direction, and the direction of the reaction is determined by __________________.

A

reversible; the quantity of reactants on each side of the equation

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13
Q

Enzymes are an example of ____________, which work to _______________.

A

catalysts; speed up chemical reactions

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14
Q

Which of the following is NOT true of biological catalysts?

they speed up reactions without permanent change to themselves
they hold reactants in favorable positions to react
they get used up by the reactions they catalyze
they may change the shapes of reactants to make them react

A

they get used up by the reactions they catalyze

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15
Q

Catabolic reactions _________________

A

break bonds to release stored energy

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16
Q

The specific properties of organic molecules are determined by their

A

functional groups

17
Q

Macromolecules are large molecules composed of multiple ______________ that come together to form _______________

A

monomers; polymers

18
Q

Living cells assemble polymers through a process called

A

dehydration synthesis

19
Q

Another name for digestion is

A

hydrolysis

20
Q

The part of a nucleotide that contains the “information” in DNA and RNA is the

A

nitrogenous base

21
Q

In ATP, the energy is stored in and released from the

A

2nd and 3rd phosphate bonds

22
Q

The instructions for synthesizing all of the body’s proteins is contained in _________, while the _________ works with the ribosomes to actually carry out the process.

A

DNA; RNA

23
Q

Which of the following is NOT true of carbohydrates?
They contain Nitrogen in an amine group
The are a quickly available source of energy
They have a 2:1 ratio of Hydrogen to Oxygen

A

They contain Nitrogen in an amine group

24
Q

Which of the following is NOT a monosaccharide?

galactose
fructose
lactose
glucose

A

lactose

25
Q

Which of the following is NOT a polysaccharide?

sucrose
lactose
glucose
maltose

A

glucose

26
Q

The polysaccharide used for energy storage in humans is

A

glycogen

27
Q

Which of the following is NOT true of lipids

They are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
They are hydrophilic and dissolve in water
They have a high ratio of hydrogen to oxygen
They have more calories per g

A

They are hydrophilic and dissolve in water

28
Q

Fatty acids with no double bonds, and thus the maximum number of hydrogen atoms bound to the carbon, are called

A

saturated fats

29
Q

Which of the following is NOT a function of triglycerides?

insulation
enzymes
shock absorption
energy storage

A

enzymes

30
Q

The special type of lipid that makes up the bulk of our cell membranes are called

A

phospholipids

31
Q

The healthier form of cholesterol that actually helps to prevent heart disease is

A

HDL

32
Q

The unique properties of an amino acid are determined by its

A

radical group (R group)

33
Q

The bonds that are formed between amino acids to create proteins are called

A

peptide bonds

34
Q

Which of the following levels of protein structure is NOT correctly paired with its description?
*
1/1
primary structure - amino acid sequence
secondary structure - alpha helix or beta pleated sheet
tertiary structure - globular or fibrous folded shapes
quaternary structure - the DNA sequence that codes for the the protein

A

quaternary structure - the DNA sequence that codes for the the protein

35
Q

Extreme temperature or pH can ________________ a protein, which destroys its ability to function properly

A

denature

36
Q

The molecule that an enzyme works on is called its ______________

A

substrate

37
Q

Which of the following is a function of proteins in the human body?
structure, such as keratin and collagen
communication, such as hormones and receptors
membrane transport, such as channels and carrier proteins
protection, such as antibodies and clotting
all of the above are functions of proteins in the human body

A

all of the above are functions of proteins in the human body

anatomy (12 decks)

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