Bones Tissues and Joints Flashcards
The process of bone formation is called
osteogenesis
The flat bones of the skull and most of the clavicle are formed through
intramembranous ossification
Bone stem cells are called
osteogenic cells
Bone-making cells are called
osteoblasts
In endochondral ossification, bones start out as
hyaline cartilage
The primary ossification center of endochondral ossification (the spot where bone FIRST begins to form) is located in the _____________ of the long bones.
diaphysis
The secondary ossification center of endochondral ossification (the spot where bone CONTINUES to form) is located in the _____________ of the long bones.
epiphyses
The part of a long bone where bones continue to grow in length (until this growth ends in a person’s late teens or early 20’s) is called the
epiphyseal plate
Joints that cannot move are known as ___________ joints
synarthrotic
Diarthrotic joints that can only move in one direction, like the knee or elbow joints, are called ___________ joints.
hinge
Diarthrotic joints that can freely rotate in many directions, such as the shoulder and hip joints, are called ___________ joints.
ball and socket
Diarthrotic joints that allow for twisting motions, such as those in the vertebrae of the neck, are called ___________ joints.
pivot
A bone fracture that penetrates the skin is known as a ______________ fracture.
compound
A ____________ fracture, in which the bone is twisted hard enough to break, is a red flag for child abuse when present in children, particularly toddlers.
spiral
The very first step of bone healing, involving the deployment of healing blood cells and capillary infiltration, is called _____________
hematoma formation
A complete fracture that shatters the bone is called a(n) ____________ fracture
comminuted
When a bone is broken at a diagonal angle, it is called a(n) ____________ fracture
oblique
When blood calcium levels drop too low, ___________ is released in order to raise the levels back up to normal. However, if the blood calcium levels go too high, then ___________ will be released to lower it back down to normal.
parathyroid hormone (PTH); calcitonin
Growth hormone
increases the length of bones
enhances the mineralization of bones
improves bone density
all of the above
Vitamin D is important for
calcium absorption
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) is important because it does all of the following EXCEPT
blocks osteoclasts from resorbing bone and stimulates calcium deposition into bones to decrease blood calcium levels
Lack of use of bone causes the bone to
atrophy
