The Cardiovascular System Flashcards
About how many times a minute does the average heart beat?
72
About how many times a day does the average heart beat?
100,000
What are the main parts of the cardiovascular system?
heart, blood vessels, blood
Where is your heart located?
bony thorax
Which bones surround your heart?
sternum, ribs, thoracic vertebrae
How is your heart positioned?
in the center, but the top base tilted to the right shoulder and the bottom apex pointed to the left hip
What are some functions of the cardiovascular system?
transport oxygen, transport carbon dioxide, transport nutrients (glucose), transport hormones, pump blood
What is the name of the double layered sac that surrounds the heart?
pericardium
What are the 3 layers of the heart?
epicardium-outer layer of heart
myocardium-bulk of heart muscle that contracts
endocardium-inner layer of heart (lines the chambers)
What kind of blood is in the right side of the heart?
deO2 blood
What kind of blood is in the left side of the heart?
O2 blood
Where does the right side of the heart send blood to?
the lungs
Where does the left side of the heart send blood to?
the body
Which valve is between the right atria and ventricle?
tricuspid
Which valve is between the left atria and ventricle
mitral (bicuspid)
Which valve is between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery?
pulmonary semilunar valve
Which valve is between the left ventricle and the aorta
aortic semilunar valve
Where does the pulmonary artery send blood to?
the lungs to get O2
Where does the pulmonary vein send blood to?
the left side of the heart to be pumped to the body
What kind of blood is in the pulmonary artery?
deO2
What kind of blood is in the pulmonary vein?
O2
Which chamber of the heart is the thickest and why?
left ventricle because it has hardest job (pumping blood to entire body)
What direction does blood flow in arteries?
away from the heart
What direction does blood flow in veins?
to the heart
Which blood vessels have valves?
veins
Which direction should blood flow in the heart?
from the atrium to the ventricles to the greater arteries
Which vessels are in contact with cells?
capillaries
Capillaries carry which type of blood?
O2 and deO2
smaller veins are called?
venules
Smaller arteries are called?
arterioles
Where does blood from the superior vena cava come from and go to?
comes from the upper body and goes to the R.A.
Where does blood from the inferior vena cava come from and go to?
comes from the lower body and goes to the R.A.
The largest artery in the body is the?
aorta
What can cause a heart valve defect?
congenital (something you are born with), age related changes, infection
What is stenosis of the valve?
thickening or stiffening of the valves
What is regurgitation?
backflow of blood
What is valve atresia
when the valve is not formed or underdeveloped
What is cardiac output?
the rhythmic relaxing and contracting of the heart
What is diastole?
part of the cardiac cycle when the heart is relaxing and filling with blood
What is systole?
part of the cardiac cycle when the heart is contracting
Is the pressure greater during systole or diastole?
systole
What do the two blood pressure numbers represent? (120/80)
systolic pressure/diastolic pressure
When the valves close in the heart, what sounds do they make?
The typical heart sounds “lubb-dupp, lubb-dupp”
What is a heart murmur?
A defect of one of the heart valves that causes abnormal heart sounds
What does your pacemaker do?
sets the rhythm of your heart
Where is the pacemaker found?
in the right atrium
What is an AED?
a portable automated external defibrillator that analyzes the rhythm of the heart and applies a shock when needed to “reset” the pacemaker
What is pulse?
alternating surges of pressure in an artery that occur with each contraction and relaxation of the left ventricle
What are 4 major arteries that pulse can be taken at?
carotid (neck), brachial (elbow), radial (wrist), temporal (in front of ear)
What are 4 major arteries that pulse can be taken at?
carotid (neck), brachial (elbow), radial (wrist), temporal (in front of ear)
What is a blood pressure cuff called?
sphygmomanometer
What are the sounds that you hear through the stethoscope when you take blood pressure called?
sounds of Korotkoff (these are the sounds of the resumption of blood flow in the arm)
What are the sounds that you hear through the stethoscope when you take blood pressure called?
sounds of Korotkoff (these are the sounds of the resumption of blood flow in the arm)
Differentiate between pulmonary blood flow and systemic blood flow
Pulmonary blood flow is to and from the lungs, systemic blood flow is to and from the body
After blood passes through a large artery where does it go next?
smaller arteries called arterioles
