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Anatomy > The Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

The Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

About how many times a minute does the average heart beat?

A

72

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2
Q

About how many times a day does the average heart beat?

A

100,000

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3
Q

What are the main parts of the cardiovascular system?

A

heart, blood vessels, blood

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4
Q

Where is your heart located?

A

bony thorax

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5
Q

Which bones surround your heart?

A

sternum, ribs, thoracic vertebrae

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6
Q

How is your heart positioned?

A

in the center, but the top base tilted to the right shoulder and the bottom apex pointed to the left hip

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7
Q

What are some functions of the cardiovascular system?

A

transport oxygen, transport carbon dioxide, transport nutrients (glucose), transport hormones, pump blood

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8
Q

What is the name of the double layered sac that surrounds the heart?

A

pericardium

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9
Q

What are the 3 layers of the heart?

A

epicardium-outer layer of heart
myocardium-bulk of heart muscle that contracts
endocardium-inner layer of heart (lines the chambers)

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10
Q

What kind of blood is in the right side of the heart?

A

deO2 blood

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11
Q

What kind of blood is in the left side of the heart?

A

O2 blood

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12
Q

Where does the right side of the heart send blood to?

A

the lungs

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13
Q

Where does the left side of the heart send blood to?

A

the body

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14
Q

Which valve is between the right atria and ventricle?

A

tricuspid

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15
Q

Which valve is between the left atria and ventricle

A

mitral (bicuspid)

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16
Q

Which valve is between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery?

A

pulmonary semilunar valve

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17
Q

Which valve is between the left ventricle and the aorta

A

aortic semilunar valve

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18
Q

Where does the pulmonary artery send blood to?

A

the lungs to get O2

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19
Q

Where does the pulmonary vein send blood to?

A

the left side of the heart to be pumped to the body

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20
Q

What kind of blood is in the pulmonary artery?

A

deO2

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21
Q

What kind of blood is in the pulmonary vein?

A

O2

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22
Q

Which chamber of the heart is the thickest and why?

A

left ventricle because it has hardest job (pumping blood to entire body)

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23
Q

What direction does blood flow in arteries?

A

away from the heart

24
Q

What direction does blood flow in veins?

A

to the heart

25
Q

Which blood vessels have valves?

A

veins

26
Q

Which direction should blood flow in the heart?

A

from the atrium to the ventricles to the greater arteries

27
Q

Which vessels are in contact with cells?

A

capillaries

28
Q

Capillaries carry which type of blood?

A

O2 and deO2

29
Q

smaller veins are called?

A

venules

30
Q

Smaller arteries are called?

A

arterioles

31
Q

Where does blood from the superior vena cava come from and go to?

A

comes from the upper body and goes to the R.A.

32
Q

Where does blood from the inferior vena cava come from and go to?

A

comes from the lower body and goes to the R.A.

33
Q

The largest artery in the body is the?

A

aorta

34
Q

What can cause a heart valve defect?

A

congenital (something you are born with), age related changes, infection

35
Q

What is stenosis of the valve?

A

thickening or stiffening of the valves

36
Q

What is regurgitation?

A

backflow of blood

37
Q

What is valve atresia

A

when the valve is not formed or underdeveloped

38
Q

What is cardiac output?

A

the rhythmic relaxing and contracting of the heart

39
Q

What is diastole?

A

part of the cardiac cycle when the heart is relaxing and filling with blood

40
Q

What is systole?

A

part of the cardiac cycle when the heart is contracting

41
Q

Is the pressure greater during systole or diastole?

A

systole

42
Q

What do the two blood pressure numbers represent? (120/80)

A

systolic pressure/diastolic pressure

43
Q

When the valves close in the heart, what sounds do they make?

A

The typical heart sounds “lubb-dupp, lubb-dupp”

44
Q

What is a heart murmur?

A

A defect of one of the heart valves that causes abnormal heart sounds

45
Q

What does your pacemaker do?

A

sets the rhythm of your heart

46
Q

Where is the pacemaker found?

A

in the right atrium

47
Q

What is an AED?

A

a portable automated external defibrillator that analyzes the rhythm of the heart and applies a shock when needed to “reset” the pacemaker

48
Q

What is pulse?

A

alternating surges of pressure in an artery that occur with each contraction and relaxation of the left ventricle

49
Q

What are 4 major arteries that pulse can be taken at?

A

carotid (neck), brachial (elbow), radial (wrist), temporal (in front of ear)

50
Q

What are 4 major arteries that pulse can be taken at?

A

carotid (neck), brachial (elbow), radial (wrist), temporal (in front of ear)

51
Q

What is a blood pressure cuff called?

A

sphygmomanometer

52
Q

What are the sounds that you hear through the stethoscope when you take blood pressure called?

A

sounds of Korotkoff (these are the sounds of the resumption of blood flow in the arm)

53
Q

What are the sounds that you hear through the stethoscope when you take blood pressure called?

A

sounds of Korotkoff (these are the sounds of the resumption of blood flow in the arm)

54
Q

Differentiate between pulmonary blood flow and systemic blood flow

A

Pulmonary blood flow is to and from the lungs, systemic blood flow is to and from the body

55
Q

After blood passes through a large artery where does it go next?

A

smaller arteries called arterioles

Anatomy (8 decks)

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