Final Exam Flashcards
What is homeostasis
maintenance of in internal stable environment
What are the levels of organization in the human body from small to large?
cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
What is anatomy?
the study of the structure of human body
What is physiology?
the study of the function of the body
Which organ system functions in transport and delivery of gases?
the circulatory system
Which terms (give 2)mean towards the midline of the body and away from the midline of the body?
medial and lateral
Which terms (give 2) mean closer to the point of attachment and further from the point of attachment?
proximal and distal
Which terms mean the upper part of the body and lower part of the body?
superior and inferior
Which term means the eye?
oribital
Which term means the mouth area?
oral
Which term means the upper arm?
brachial
Which term means the armpit?
axillary (think AXE deodorant)
What does the term sternal refer to?
sternum (breastbone)
Which plane cuts the body into right/left?
saggital
Which plane cuts the body into top/bottom
transverse
Which of the 3 main types of tissue in the body lines the body surface, internal organs and glands?
epithelial
How do we classify epithelial tissue?
according to the number of layers of cells and the shape of the cells
Which epithelial tissue offers considerable stretching?
transitional
What are the regions of the vertebrae from top to bottom?
cervical, throracic, lumbar, sacral, coccyx
Which socket the hip (acetabulum) or the shoulder (glenoid cavity) is stronger and deeper?
hip (acetabulum)
What are the 2 types of bone tissue in the body?
spongy and compact
Where are the intervertebral discs located?
between the vertebrae of you back
How do true ribs differ from false ribs?
true ribs (1-7) attach directly to the sternum unlike false ribs.
Which muscle does not have striations?
smooth
Which muscle is voluntary?
skeletal
What is a muscle fiber also called?
muscle cell
What is the gap between a neuron and a muscle called?
synaptic cleft
Where do a neuron and muscle cell communicate?
neuromuscular junction
what is it called when myosin binds to actin?
the crossbridge
which muscle is known as the praying muscle?
sternocleidomastoid
Which muscle is the frowning muscle?
platysma
What is another name for your gastrocnemius and contraction of it helps you do what?
calf muscle, stand or dance on tippie toes
What do you know about the sartorius?
its the longest muscle in the body
What term refers to a “slender” muscle?
gracilis
Which part of the neuron acts as antenna to receive information from a receptor or another neuron?
dendrites
What is found between the myelin on the axon?
the node of ranvier
What does myelin do?
speeds up the action potential
Which part of the nervous system do your brain and spinal cord belong to?
central NS
what is an effector?
muscle or gland that receives a command from the brain via the efferent pathway
Which pathway sends information to the brain from a receptor?
afferent or sensory
What does the autonomic NS control?
all involuntary actions (smooth muscle)
What are the 4 lobes of the brain?
parietal, frontal, temporal, occipital
what do mechanoreceptors respond to/
touch and sound
What kind of receptor detects temperature
thermoreceptor
Which receptor detects and smell?
chemoreceptors
What are the two main receptors in your eye?
rods and cones
What is systole?
the pressure within an artery wall when the heart contracts
What is diastole?
the pressure in an artery wall when the heart relaxes
What happens during inhalation?
diaphragm contracts, rib cage expands, volume increases and air pressure decreases
Where does gas exchange occur in the lungs
the alveoli
