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Anatomy > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What is homeostasis

A

maintenance of in internal stable environment

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2
Q

What are the levels of organization in the human body from small to large?

A

cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

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3
Q

What is anatomy?

A

the study of the structure of human body

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4
Q

What is physiology?

A

the study of the function of the body

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5
Q

Which organ system functions in transport and delivery of gases?

A

the circulatory system

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6
Q

Which terms (give 2)mean towards the midline of the body and away from the midline of the body?

A

medial and lateral

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7
Q

Which terms (give 2) mean closer to the point of attachment and further from the point of attachment?

A

proximal and distal

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8
Q

Which terms mean the upper part of the body and lower part of the body?

A

superior and inferior

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9
Q

Which term means the eye?

A

oribital

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10
Q

Which term means the mouth area?

A

oral

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11
Q

Which term means the upper arm?

A

brachial

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12
Q

Which term means the armpit?

A

axillary (think AXE deodorant)

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13
Q

What does the term sternal refer to?

A

sternum (breastbone)

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14
Q

Which plane cuts the body into right/left?

A

saggital

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15
Q

Which plane cuts the body into top/bottom

A

transverse

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16
Q

Which of the 3 main types of tissue in the body lines the body surface, internal organs and glands?

A

epithelial

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17
Q

How do we classify epithelial tissue?

A

according to the number of layers of cells and the shape of the cells

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18
Q

Which epithelial tissue offers considerable stretching?

A

transitional

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19
Q

What are the regions of the vertebrae from top to bottom?

A

cervical, throracic, lumbar, sacral, coccyx

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20
Q

Which socket the hip (acetabulum) or the shoulder (glenoid cavity) is stronger and deeper?

A

hip (acetabulum)

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21
Q

What are the 2 types of bone tissue in the body?

A

spongy and compact

22
Q

Where are the intervertebral discs located?

A

between the vertebrae of you back

23
Q

How do true ribs differ from false ribs?

A

true ribs (1-7) attach directly to the sternum unlike false ribs.

24
Q

Which muscle does not have striations?

A

smooth

25
Q

Which muscle is voluntary?

A

skeletal

26
Q

What is a muscle fiber also called?

A

muscle cell

27
Q

What is the gap between a neuron and a muscle called?

A

synaptic cleft

28
Q

Where do a neuron and muscle cell communicate?

A

neuromuscular junction

29
Q

what is it called when myosin binds to actin?

A

the crossbridge

30
Q

which muscle is known as the praying muscle?

A

sternocleidomastoid

31
Q

Which muscle is the frowning muscle?

A

platysma

32
Q

What is another name for your gastrocnemius and contraction of it helps you do what?

A

calf muscle, stand or dance on tippie toes

33
Q

What do you know about the sartorius?

A

its the longest muscle in the body

34
Q

What term refers to a “slender” muscle?

A

gracilis

35
Q

Which part of the neuron acts as antenna to receive information from a receptor or another neuron?

A

dendrites

36
Q

What is found between the myelin on the axon?

A

the node of ranvier

37
Q

What does myelin do?

A

speeds up the action potential

38
Q

Which part of the nervous system do your brain and spinal cord belong to?

A

central NS

39
Q

what is an effector?

A

muscle or gland that receives a command from the brain via the efferent pathway

40
Q

Which pathway sends information to the brain from a receptor?

A

afferent or sensory

41
Q

What does the autonomic NS control?

A

all involuntary actions (smooth muscle)

42
Q

What are the 4 lobes of the brain?

A

parietal, frontal, temporal, occipital

43
Q

what do mechanoreceptors respond to/

A

touch and sound

44
Q

What kind of receptor detects temperature

A

thermoreceptor

45
Q

Which receptor detects and smell?

A

chemoreceptors

46
Q

What are the two main receptors in your eye?

A

rods and cones

47
Q

What is systole?

A

the pressure within an artery wall when the heart contracts

48
Q

What is diastole?

A

the pressure in an artery wall when the heart relaxes

49
Q

What happens during inhalation?

A

diaphragm contracts, rib cage expands, volume increases and air pressure decreases

50
Q

Where does gas exchange occur in the lungs

A

the alveoli

Anatomy (8 decks)

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