Skeletal System Flashcards
Hemopoiesis is
the process of making red blood cells in the red bone marrow
Joint
area where two bones meet, most provide movement
Ligament
connects bone to bone
Tendon
connects bone to muscle
compact bone
solid, dense bone, comprising almost 80% of skeleton
spongy bone
porous bone tissue, can be found in ends of long bones, where red bone marrow is found
osteocyte
mature bone cells, originate from osteogenic and osteoblasts
osteogenic cells
beginning cells, found on inner lining of periosteum and endosteum, turn into osteblasts
osteoblast cells
bone building cells; secrete collagen matrix, responsible for calcification (hardening) of bone, can turn into a osteocytes
What is a long bone?
a bone that is longer than it is wide
What is a short bone?
a bone that is cube shaped
An example of a irregular shaped bone in the body is
the vertebrae
What is a sesamoid bone?
it is a small bone that is embedded in a tendon
What are lacunae?
small spaces (lakes) that contain bone cells
What is a suture?
an immovable joint
Which bones form most of the top and sides of the cranium?
parietal bones (there are two)
Which bone forms most of the nasal septum?
vomer
Which two bones form the hard palate of your mouth?
maxillae and palantine
Which bone is the keystone of the cranium?
sphenoid
Which bone is the keystone of the face?
maxillae
What is a keystone bone?
one in which all other bones articulate (join) with
Where is the olecranon process located?
on the ulna (it’s your elbow)
Where is the olecranon fossa located?
on the posterior (back side) of your humerus
What is a process?
it is an extension of a bone
What is a fossa?
it is a depression on a bone
What is a foramen?
It is a hole in a bone
What is the largest foramen in your body called and where is it found?
The obturator foramen and it is on your two coxal (hip) bones
What is the name of the three bones that join to form the coxal (hip) bone?
illium, ischium, pubis
What are the three parts of the sternum?
the manubrium, body and the xiphoid process
Which forearm bone is more lateral when you are in anatomical position?
the radius
What two bones make up your pectoral girdle?
scapula and clavicle
Which bones form your cheekbones?
zygomatic
Which bone would you find the mastoid process and the styloid process?
temporal bone
Which ribs are attached directly to your sternum with costal cartilage?
Ribs 1-7
Which ribs are attached indirectly to your sternum with costal cartilage?
Ribs 8-10
Which ribs are not attached at all to your sternum and are thus floating?
Ribs 11-12
Which secondary curves form after birth when the baby learns to hold its head up and sit up?
cervical and lumbar
Which bone is the strongest and heaviest bone in your body?
femur
Which bones form the knee joint?
femur, patella and tibia
Which bone forms the heel?
calcaneus
Which bones form the knuckles?
metacarpals
How many bones do we have in our body?
206
What would the finger bone that is furthest from the point of attachment be called?
distal phalange
Which fingers/toes only have two phalanges?
thumb and big toe
The manubrium of the sternum joins with which pectoral girdle bone?
clavicle
What is an osteoclast?
they break down bone by secreting enzymes
where is yellow marrow found?
in the medullary cavity
Where is red bone marrow found?
in the epiphysis in spongy bone
Where does bone growth occur in a long bone?
at the epiphyseal plate
What is lordosis?
an overpronounced lumbar curvature
What is kyphosis?
an overpronounced thoracic curvature resulting in a hunchback
What is scoliosis?
a lateral curve of the spine in a “s” like manner
What separates vetebrae?
intervertebral discs, which are made out of cartilage
The hip socket is known as the
acetabulum
The shoulder socket is known as the
glenoid cavity
bone remodeling is an ongoing process in which these two cells work in unison
osteoclasts (break down bone) and osteoblast (build bone)
The lining of a long bone is called the
periosteum
The lining of the medullary cavity is called the
endosteum
The shaft of the long bone is called the
diaphysis
The ends of the long bone are called the
epiphysis
soft spots on a baby’s skull are called
fontanels
What region and # bone is the atlas?
C-1
What region and # bone is the axis?
C-2
What does the axis allow you to do?
shake your head from side to side “no”
What does the atlas allow you to do?
shake your head up and down “yes
