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Anatomy > Nervous system > Flashcards

Nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two main divisions of the nervous system?

A

central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS)

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2
Q

What is the CNS made up of?

A

brain and spinal cord

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3
Q

What is the PNS made up of?

A

nerve fibers and support cells

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4
Q

What are the three divisions of the PNS?

A

somatic division, autonomic division, enteric division

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5
Q

What are the three main functions of the nervous system?

A

sensory, integrative, motor functions

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6
Q

What does the sensory function of the NS do?

A

detects and collects stimuli and sends it to the brain via the afferent neurons

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7
Q

What does the integrative function of the NS do?

A

processes all incoming information

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8
Q

What does the motor function of the NS do?

A

responds to the sensory stimuli via the efferent neurons

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9
Q

What are sensory neurons also called?

A

afferent neurons

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10
Q

What are motor neurons also called?

A

efferent neurons

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11
Q

What does the somatic NS control?

A

voluntary skeletal muscles

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12
Q

What does the autonomic NS control?

A

involuntary muscle (cardiac and smooth) and glands

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13
Q

What does the enteric NS control?

A

GI Tract (gastrointestinal tract)

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14
Q

What are the two parts to the somatic NS?

A

sensory neurons that collect info from sensory receptors (senses) & motor neurons that send out command from brain to skeletal muscle

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15
Q

What are the two parts to the autonomic NS?

A

sensory neurons that collect info from involuntary sensory receptors in smooth and cardiac muscle & motor neurons that send out command from the brain to smooth and cardiac muscle and glands

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16
Q

What are the two parts to the enteric NS?

A

sensory neurons that collect info from receptors in GI tract & motor neurons that send out command from brain to contract GI tract

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17
Q

Which division of the PNS do the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions belong to?

A

autonomic

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18
Q

What do sympathetic motor neurons support?

A

exercise and emergency situations “fight or flight”

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19
Q

What do parasympathetic motor neurons support?

A

rest and digest activities?

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20
Q

Sympathetic motor neurons do what to your heart rate?

A

increase it

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21
Q

Parasympathetic motor neurons do what to your heart rate?

A

decrease (slow it down)

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22
Q

Why is myelin important?

A

it speeds up the action potential

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23
Q

Name 2 diseases that break down myelin.

A

Lou Gehrigs’ Disease and Multiple Sclerosis

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24
Q

Which cell makes myelin for PNS neurons?

A

Schwaan Cells

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25
Q

Which cell makes myelin for CNS neurons?

A

Oligodendrocyte Cells

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26
Q

Which support cell is the most abundant?

A

Astrocytes

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27
Q

Which support cell produces cerebrospinal fluid?

A

Ependymal cells

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28
Q

What are the three layers of connective tissue that surround the brain collectively called?

A

The meninges

29
Q

What are the three layers of meninges from most superficial to deep?

A

dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

30
Q

Which part of the brain is the largest?

A

cerebrum

31
Q

Which part of the brain controls most vital life functions?

A

brain stem

32
Q

Which part of the brain is in charge of coordinated and smooth muscle movement?

A

cerebellum

33
Q

Which part of the brain receives all incoming sensory information and decides where it should go?

A

diencephalon (specifically the thalamus)

34
Q

Bulges on the surface of the brain are called

A

Gyrus

35
Q

Shallow groves on the surface of the brain are called

A

Sulci

36
Q

Deep grooves on the surface of the brain are called?

A

Fissures

37
Q

The central sulcus separates which two important gyri of the brain?

A

precentral gyrus (primary motor cortex) and post central gryrus (primary somatosensory cortex)

38
Q

Which part of the brain controls most higher order thinking as well as emotions

A

cerebrum

39
Q

What type of brain matter is most of the cerebral cortex made up of?

A

gray matter (cell bodies)

40
Q

Which of the 4 main parts of the brain is the cerebral cortex part of?

A

cerebrum

41
Q

Passionate, creative, loving, vivid, and artsy are all characteristic of which hemisphere of the brain?

A

Right

42
Q

Which part of the cerebral cortex controls language comprehension?

A

Wernicke’s area (left side of brain)

43
Q

Which part of the cerebral cortex controls the detection of simple visual stimuli?

A

visual cortex

44
Q

Which part of the cerebral cortex controls the interpretation of visual information?

A

visual association area

45
Q

Which part of the cerebral cortex controls the processing of sensory information?

A

sensory association area

46
Q

Which part of the cerebral cortex receives all incoming sensory information

A

primary somatosensory cortex (post-central gyrus)

47
Q

What is controlled by the prefrontal cortex?

A

emotions, problem solving, complex thought

48
Q

What is controlled by the motor association cortex?

A

the coordination of complex movement

49
Q

What is controlled by the primary motor cortex (pre-central gyrus)

A

the initiation of voluntary movement

50
Q

Which part of the cerebral cortex detects incoming auditory information?

A

auditory cortex

51
Q

Which part of the cerebral cortex processes incoming auditory information?

A

auditory association area

52
Q

Which part of the brain controls speech production?

A

Broca’s Area (left side of brain)

53
Q

What are some functions of the parietal lobe?

A

perception of stimuli (touch, pain, pressure, temperature)

54
Q

What are some functions of the temporal lobe?

A

perception and recognition of auditory stimuli and memory

55
Q

What is Ataxia?

A

when you do not have order, damage to your cerebellum: could affect speech, swallowing, movement and eye movement

56
Q

The function of the thalamus is…

A

to serve as a relay station for all incoming sensory information where it will either be rejected if not important or sent on to the respective part of the brain if it is important

57
Q

Which two parts of the brain control consciousness?

A

thalamus and pons

58
Q

Which part of the brain controls homeostasis and regulates emotional and behavioral patterns?

A

hypothalamus

59
Q

What part of the brain secretes melatonin, a hormone that promotes sleepiness?

A

pineal gland

60
Q

What are the 3 parts of the diencephalon?

A

thalamus, hypothalamus and pineal gland

61
Q

What are the 3 parts of the brainstem?

A

medulla, pons, midbrain

62
Q

Where is heart rate and breathing rate controlled?

A

medulla

63
Q

Which part of your brain connects the medulla to the rest of your brain?

A

pons

64
Q

Which part of your brain contains the superior and infererior colliculi, bundles of axons important in voluntary motor function and degeneration that is associated with Parkinsons Disease?

A

midbrain

65
Q

What are some senses that your body can detect?

A

sight, sound, taste, smell, body position, balance, pain, temperature, fullness (satiety)

66
Q

Which mechanoreceptor is specialized for controlling hand grip?

A

Meissners corpuscles

67
Q

Which mechanoreceptors fires as long as something is touching your skin, and senses fine detail?

A

Merkel’s receptors

68
Q

Which mechanoreceptor is sensitive to stretching of the skin?

A

Ruffini’s corpuscles

69
Q

Which mechanoreceptor responds to very fine detail and vibrations

A

Pacinian corpuscles

Anatomy (8 decks)

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