The Cardiovascular System

Question 1

Three main functions of system

Answer 1

1. Transport of nutrients, oxygen and hormones to cells and removal of metabolic waste
2. Protection of body by white blood cells, antibodies & proteins to defend body.
3. Regulation of body temp, fluid pH and water content of cells

Question 2

What is the pericardium?

Answer 2

Thin sac protecting heart to help keep it fixed in place and etc

Question 3

What are the 2 layers of the pericardium?

Answer 3

Fibrous (outer layer) and serous (inner layer)

Question 4

Epicardium

Answer 4

Smooth outer layer of heart

Question 5

Myocardium

Answer 5

Middle layer of muscle and cells which contracts heart

Question 6

Endocardium

Answer 6

Smooth inner surface of heart chamber

Question 7

Right atrium

Answer 7

Deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium through the inferior and superior vena

Question 8

Right ventricle

Answer 8

Pumps oxygen-depleted blood to lungs via pulmonary artery

Question 9

Left atrium

Answer 9

Receives newly oxygenated blood from lungs via pulmonary vein. Then pumps this blood into left ventricle through mitral valve

Question 10

Left ventricle

Answer 10

Thickest of hearts chambers and is responsible for pumping oxygenated blood to tissues all over body via aorta

Question 11

What is the septum?

Answer 11

Thin wall separating atrium and ventricle

Question 12

Role of right side of heart

Answer 12

Receives de-oxygenated blood and then goes to lungs where it picks up oxygen. Then goes to left side of heart.

Question 13

Role of left side of heart

Answer 13

Distributes oxygenated blood around body

Question 14

What are the 4 valves in the heart?

Answer 14

1. Tricuspid
2. Pulmonary valve
3. Mitral valve
4. Aortic valve

Question 15

Arteries

Answer 15

Begin with aorta. Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to all of the body’s tissues.

Question 16

Capillaries

Answer 16

Small, thin blood vessels that connect the arteries and the veins. Their thin walls allow oxygen,nutrients, carbon dioxide, and other waste products to pass to and from our organ’s cells.

Question 17

Veins

Answer 17

Blood vessels that take blood back to the heart; this blood has lower oxygen content and is rich in waste products that are to be excreted or removed from the body.

Question 18

What is sino-atrial node?

Answer 18

Found in the top of theright atriumand sets the rate at which the heart contracts. It sends outelectrical impulseswhich are carried through the muscular walls of both atria.

Question 19

Cardiac output

Answer 19

The amount of blood the heart can pump out over 1 minute

Question 20

Stroke volume

Answer 20

The volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle in each beat

Question 21

Preload

Answer 21

Volume of blood in the ventricles at the end of diastole

Question 22

Afterload

Answer 22

Resistance the left ventricle overcomes to circulating blood

Question 23

Ejection fraction

Answer 23

Measurement that indicates how well your heart is functioning. This number tracks how much blood your heart is pumping out with each contraction.

Question 24

Arrhythmias

Answer 24

Irregular heart rhythm

Question 25

Tachycardia

Answer 25

A heart rate over 100 beats per minute

Question 26

Bradycardia

Answer 26

Heart neat fewer than 60 times a minute

Question 27

Leukocytes

Answer 27

Blood cell that is made in bone marrow and found in blood and lymph tissue

Question 28

Systole

Answer 28

Contraction of heart chamber

Question 29

Diastole

Answer 29

Relaxation of chamber

Question 30

Pulmonary circulation

Answer 30

When blood comes into right side of heart and is then sent to lungs to get oxygen and get rid of CO2.

Question 31

Systemic circulation

Answer 31

Blood has just received oxygen so goes into right side of heart where it will be distributed to rest of body to give nutrients and oxygen to cells