The Cardiovascular System Flashcards
Three main functions of system
- Transport of nutrients, oxygen and hormones to cells and removal of metabolic waste
- Protection of body by white blood cells, antibodies & proteins to defend body.
- Regulation of body temp, fluid pH and water content of cells
What is the pericardium?
Thin sac protecting heart to help keep it fixed in place and etc
What are the 2 layers of the pericardium?
Fibrous (outer layer) and serous (inner layer)
Epicardium
Smooth outer layer of heart
Myocardium
Middle layer of muscle and cells which contracts heart
Endocardium
Smooth inner surface of heart chamber
Right atrium
Deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium through the inferior and superior vena
Right ventricle
Pumps oxygen-depleted blood to lungs via pulmonary artery
Left atrium
Receives newly oxygenated blood from lungs via pulmonary vein. Then pumps this blood into left ventricle through mitral valve
Left ventricle
Thickest of hearts chambers and is responsible for pumping oxygenated blood to tissues all over body via aorta
What is the septum?
Thin wall separating atrium and ventricle
Role of right side of heart
Receives de-oxygenated blood and then goes to lungs where it picks up oxygen. Then goes to left side of heart.
Role of left side of heart
Distributes oxygenated blood around body
What are the 4 valves in the heart?
- Tricuspid
- Pulmonary valve
- Mitral valve
- Aortic valve
Arteries
Begin with aorta. Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to all of the body’s tissues.
Capillaries
Small, thin blood vessels that connect the arteries and the veins. Their thin walls allow oxygen,nutrients, carbon dioxide, and other waste products to pass to and from our organ’s cells.
Veins
Blood vessels that take blood back to the heart; this blood has lower oxygen content and is rich in waste products that are to be excreted or removed from the body.
What is sino-atrial node?
Found in the top of theright atriumand sets the rate at which the heart contracts. It sends outelectrical impulseswhich are carried through the muscular walls of both atria.
Cardiac output
The amount of blood the heart can pump out over 1 minute
Stroke volume
The volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle in each beat
Preload
Volume of blood in the ventricles at the end of diastole
Afterload
Resistance the left ventricle overcomes to circulating blood
Ejection fraction
Measurement that indicates how well your heart is functioning. This number tracks how much blood your heart is pumping out with each contraction.
Arrhythmias
Irregular heart rhythm
Tachycardia
A heart rate over 100 beats per minute
Bradycardia
Heart neat fewer than 60 times a minute
Leukocytes
Blood cell that is made in bone marrow and found in blood and lymph tissue
Systole
Contraction of heart chamber
Diastole
Relaxation of chamber
Pulmonary circulation
When blood comes into right side of heart and is then sent to lungs to get oxygen and get rid of CO2.
Systemic circulation
Blood has just received oxygen so goes into right side of heart where it will be distributed to rest of body to give nutrients and oxygen to cells
