Musculoskeletal system Flashcards
Name 1 role the system plays in homeostasis in the body?
Bones store minerals and muscles store carbs
Definition of Musculoskeletal system
A human body system that provides the body with movement, stability, shape, and support
What is the function of the muscles
Movement production, joint stabilisation, maintaining posture, body heat production
Function of the bones
Movement, framework for the body, organs protection, blood cells production, storage of minerals
Name 3 types of muscle in body
- Cardiac muscle
- Smooth muscle
- Skeletal muscle
What is the cardiac muscle?
Forms the muscular layer of the heart (myocardium)
What is a smooth muscle?
Comprises the walls of blood vessels and hollow organs. Regulates BP and flow. Involuntary.
What is a skeletal muscle?
Attaches to the bones and provides voluntary movement
What is the outer membrane of the bone called?
Periosteum
What is the purpose of the periosteum?
Bone growth, repair and nutrition
What is the main shaft called in the structure of the bone?
Diaphysis
What is the marrow cavity?
Runs through the diaphysis
What is the lining of the medullary cavity called?
Endosteum
What are the ends of the bone called?
Epiphyses
What is the articular cartilage?
Covers the ends of bone which reduces friction and acts as a shock absorber
What is the structure of compact bone?
Bone tissue with very few spaces inbetween. It forms the external layer of bones and also the shaft of long bones. It is strong and offers support
What is the structure of spongey bone?
Provide balance to compact bones by making bones lighter so that they can move more easily.
What is ossification?
The process of laying down new bone material by cells named osteoblasts
What are tendons?
Attach muscles to bone
What are myocytes?
Skeletal muscle cells which can contract
4 main physiological properties of skeletal muscle fibres
- Excitability - the ability to detect the neural stimuli (action potential)
- Contractibility - the ability to contract in response to a neural stimulus
- Extensibility - the ability of a muscle to be stretched without tearing;
- Elasticity - the ability to return to its normal shape after being extended.
Process of muscle contraction
- A message travels from the nervous system to the muscular system (at neuromuscular junction), triggering chemical reactions
- The chemical reactions lead to the muscle fibres reorganizing themselves in a way that shortens the muscle (contraction).
- When the nervous system signal is no longer present, the chemical process reverses, and the muscle fibres rearrange again and the muscle relaxes.
Striated muscle
Muscle tissue that convert chemical energy to physical work. Generates force and contracts to support respiration, posture (skeletal muscle) and to pump blood throughout the body (cardiac muscle).
Non-striated
Smooth, unbranched involuntary muscle.
How many bones are there in the body?
206
What is yellow bone marrow?
Made mostly of fat and contains stem cells that can become cartilage, fat, or bone cells. Found in medullary cavity in the shaft of long bones
What is red bone marrow?
Contains blood stem cells that can become red blood cells, white blood cells, or platelets. Found at end of bone in spongey bone
What is ‘remodelling’?
Enables young bones to enlarge and change shape as the body grows, and repairs to be made to damaged bones. Involves bone reabsorption and bone formation. Osteoblast involved in this process.
Bone reabsorption
Removal of bone tissue by osteoclasts
Bone formation
Growth of one tissue by osteoblasts
Osteoblasts
Type of bone cell that breaks down bone tissue. This function is critical in the maintenance, repair, and remodelling of bones.
Ligaments
Fibrous connective tissue that attaches bone to bone, and usually serves to hold structures together and keep them stable.
Cartilage
Strong, flexible connective tissue that protects your joints and bones. It acts as a shock absorber throughout your body.
