Musculoskeletal system

Question 1

Name 1 role the system plays in homeostasis in the body?

Answer 1

Bones store minerals and muscles store carbs

Question 2

Definition of Musculoskeletal system

Answer 2

A human body system that provides the body with movement, stability, shape, and support

Question 3

What is the function of the muscles

Answer 3

Movement production, joint stabilisation, maintaining posture, body heat production

Question 4

Function of the bones

Answer 4

Movement, framework for the body, organs protection, blood cells production, storage of minerals

Question 5

Name 3 types of muscle in body

Answer 5

1. Cardiac muscle
2. Smooth muscle
3. Skeletal muscle

Question 6

What is the cardiac muscle?

Answer 6

Forms the muscular layer of the heart (myocardium)

Question 7

What is a smooth muscle?

Answer 7

Comprises the walls of blood vessels and hollow organs. Regulates BP and flow. Involuntary.

Question 8

What is a skeletal muscle?

Answer 8

Attaches to the bones and provides voluntary movement

Question 9

What is the outer membrane of the bone called?

Answer 9

Periosteum

Question 10

What is the purpose of the periosteum?

Answer 10

Bone growth, repair and nutrition

Question 11

What is the main shaft called in the structure of the bone?

Answer 11

Diaphysis

Question 12

What is the marrow cavity?

Answer 12

Runs through the diaphysis

Question 13

What is the lining of the medullary cavity called?

Answer 13

Endosteum

Question 14

What are the ends of the bone called?

Answer 14

Epiphyses

Question 15

What is the articular cartilage?

Answer 15

Covers the ends of bone which reduces friction and acts as a shock absorber

Question 16

What is the structure of compact bone?

Answer 16

Bone tissue with very few spaces inbetween. It forms the external layer of bones and also the shaft of long bones. It is strong and offers support

Question 17

What is the structure of spongey bone?

Answer 17

Provide balance to compact bones by making bones lighter so that they can move more easily.

Question 18

What is ossification?

Answer 18

The process of laying down new bone material by cells named osteoblasts

Question 19

What are tendons?

Answer 19

Attach muscles to bone

Question 20

What are myocytes?

Answer 20

Skeletal muscle cells which can contract

Question 21

4 main physiological properties of skeletal muscle fibres

Answer 21

• Excitability - the ability to detect the neural stimuli (action potential)
• Contractibility - the ability to contract in response to a neural stimulus
• Extensibility - the ability of a muscle to be stretched without tearing;
• Elasticity - the ability to return to its normal shape after being extended.

Question 22

Process of muscle contraction

Answer 22

1. A message travels from the nervous system to the muscular system (at neuromuscular junction), triggering chemical reactions
2. The chemical reactions lead to the muscle fibres reorganizing themselves in a way that shortens the muscle (contraction).
3. When the nervous system signal is no longer present, the chemical process reverses, and the muscle fibres rearrange again and the muscle relaxes.

Question 23

Striated muscle

Answer 23

Muscle tissue that convert chemical energy to physical work. Generates force and contracts to support respiration, posture (skeletal muscle) and to pump blood throughout the body (cardiac muscle).

Question 24

Non-striated

Answer 24

Smooth, unbranched involuntary muscle.

Question 25

How many bones are there in the body?

Answer 25

206

Question 26

What is yellow bone marrow?

Answer 26

Made mostly of fat and contains stem cells that can become cartilage, fat, or bone cells. Found in medullary cavity in the shaft of long bones

Question 27

What is red bone marrow?

Answer 27

Contains blood stem cells that can become red blood cells, white blood cells, or platelets. Found at end of bone in spongey bone

Question 28

What is ‘remodelling’?

Answer 28

Enables young bones to enlarge and change shape as the body grows, and repairs to be made to damaged bones. Involves bone reabsorption and bone formation. Osteoblast involved in this process.

Question 29

Bone reabsorption

Answer 29

Removal of bone tissue by osteoclasts

Question 30

Bone formation

Answer 30

Growth of one tissue by osteoblasts

Question 31

Osteoblasts

Answer 31

Type of bone cell that breaks down bone tissue. This function is critical in the maintenance, repair, and remodelling of bones.

Question 32

Ligaments

Answer 32

Fibrous connective tissue that attaches bone to bone, and usually serves to hold structures together and keep them stable.

Question 33

Cartilage

Answer 33

Strong, flexible connective tissue that protects your joints and bones. It acts as a shock absorber throughout your body.