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HEART > The cardiovascular regulation > Flashcards

The cardiovascular regulation Flashcards

1
Q

What is responsible for acute buffering of blood pressure?

A

Arterial Baroreceptors

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2
Q

What monitors blood acidity ? CO2, 02 , H+

A

Chemoreceptors

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3
Q

What monitors Joint movements?

A

proprioceptors

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4
Q

Where does signals in afferent path travel to?

A

Cardiovascular centre in medulla oblongata

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5
Q

What is the sympathetic nerve that increases heart rate>

A

Accelerator nerve

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6
Q

What do sympathetic Vasomotor nerves do?

A

Vasoconstriction

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7
Q

What can Noradrenaline of sympathetic also do?

A

smooth muscle of arterioles vasoconstrict

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8
Q

Where are Arterial Baroreceptors found?

A

Carotid sinus and Aortic Arch

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9
Q

Why are baroreceptors a type of mechanoreceptor?

A

Sensitive to stretch from increased arterial pressure

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10
Q

Where are afferent projections for arterial baroreceptors?

A

X Vagus and IX Glossopharyngeal Nerves

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11
Q

What are baroreceptor afferents input?

A

increase in Parasymp. so decrease heart rate and MAP

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12
Q

What does acetylcholine also do?

A

causes release of NO so Vasodilate

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13
Q

What does postural changes do ?

A

decrease MAP

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14
Q

What is orthostasis?

A

change to cardiovascular system when standing

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15
Q

What happens when standing in orthostasis?

A

decrease MAP and cerebral perfusion pressure so fainting

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16
Q

What happens in postural change?

A

pulse and sinus pressure decreases so decrease in carotid baroreceptor stimulation

17
Q

How does Cardiovasc. centre respond to Orthostasis?

A

increase accelerator and vasomotor nerve stimulation so incr. MAP

18
Q

What do atrial and pulmonary artery stretch receptors respond to?

A

lower pressures and regulate blood volume

19
Q

What happens when decrease in stimulation of cardiopulmonary receptors?

A

ADH released so vasoconstriction so increase MAP

20
Q

What does ADH cause?

A

incr. reabsorption of fluid from nephrons so conc. urine

21
Q

What response does ADH cause?

A

reduce rate of glomerular filtration so increase blood volume

22
Q

What effect does ADH have?

A

Vasoconstrictor

23
Q

What is hypercapnia ?

A

Increased C02 in blood

24
Q

What is acidosis ?

A

increase in H+

25
Q

What can a chemoreceptor reflex be?

A

Increase MAP/Cardiac output via vasoconstriction

Increase rate/ depth of breathing and Tidal volume

26
Q

What is cushing reaction?

A

Hypothalamic response to Ischemia (poor blood supply to brain)

27
Q

What is response to ischemia?

A

increase symp.
vasoconstriction of arterioles
increase in MAP So increased blood flow to brain

28
Q

How does Ischemia ( poor blood to brain) occur?

A

increase in Intracranial pressure where arterioles compressed so no blood supply

29
Q

What is long term regulation of blood volume?

A

regulated by kidneys - inc. glomerular filtration will inc. urine production

30
Q

What is Renin-Angiotensin aldosterone system?

A

Juxtaglomerular cells release renin when fall in BP

31
Q

What 2 other triggers stimulate renin?

A

Sympathetic system

Macula Densa cells

32
Q

What does renin do to angiotensinogen ?

A

convert to Angiotensin 1

33
Q

What does Angiotensin-converting enzyme do?

A

convert Angiotensin 1 into Angiotensin2

34
Q

What does Angiotensin 2 do?

A
  • vasoconstrict smooth muscle
  • Kidney hold more water so inc Blood vol
  • Pituitary secrete ADH- does above 2 roles
  • Adrenal gland release Aldosterone
35
Q

What does Aldosterone do ?

A

Na+ retention in kidney so water reabsorbed so inc. Blood vol

36
Q

Where is adrenaline and noradrenaline released?

A

Adrenal Medulla

37
Q

What does ADH do?

A

increase MAP- vasoconstrictor

38
Q

What does ANP do?

A

released by atria cells and reduces MAP

39
Q

How does Atrial Natiuretic peptide reduce MAP?

A

Vasodilation

Excrete Na+ so low blood vol

HEART (11 decks)

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