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HEART > The cardiac cycle > Flashcards

The cardiac cycle Flashcards

1
Q

What are 4 distinct phases of cardiac cycle?

A

1) Ventricular filling
2) isovolumetric ventricular contraction
3) ventricular ejection
4) isovolumetric ventricular relaxation

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2
Q

What is Mid/late diastole

A

ventricular filling

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3
Q

What is Systole?

A

isovolumetric ventricular contraction

ventricular ejection

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4
Q

What is early diastole?

A

isovolumetric ventricular relaxation

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5
Q

What happens in ventricular filling?

A

atrial depolarisation so contracts

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6
Q

What is isovolumetric ventricular contraction ?

A

pressure in ventricles rise

isovolumetric= same volume

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7
Q

What is ventricular ejection ?

A

increased Aortic pressure

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8
Q

What is isovolumetric ventricular relaxation?

A

atrial filling

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9
Q

What does isovolumetric contraction mean?

A

Ventr. contract but not pressure not enough to open Semi lunar valves so volume is the same

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10
Q

What does isovolumetric relaxation mean?

A

Ventr. relax and all valves are shut and same vol.

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11
Q

What is aortic diastole pressure?

A

SL valves closed and pressure drops

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12
Q

what is aortic systolic pressure?

A

Max pressure increase

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13
Q

what is mean arterial pressure?

A

average cardiac pressure

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14
Q

What causes dicrotic notch on aortic pressure graph?

A

Aortic valve shutting

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15
Q

What is pulse pressure? PP

A

Systolic pressure minus diastolic pressure

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16
Q

What is Mean arterial pressure ? MAP

A

Diastolic pressure + 1/3 * Pulse pressure

17
Q

What is Stroke volume? SV

A

End diastolic volume minus end systolic volume

18
Q

What is ejection fraction ? EF

A

SV/ EDV

19
Q

What is ejection fraction?

A

vol of blood ejected in 1 beat: vol of blood prior to ejection

20
Q

What is EF is 50%?

A

every heart beat 50% of blood is ejected from heaert

21
Q

What is lub sound

A

AV Valves closing

22
Q

What is dub sound?

A

pulmonary and semi lunar valves closing

23
Q

How are sounds formed ?

A

from laminar to turbulent flow

24
Q

What is coronary artery disease?

A

accumulation of atherosclerotic plaque

25
Q

what does Coronary artery disease lead to?

A

myocardial infarction

angina

26
Q

What are risk factors for CAD?= DISCPOG

A 
Diabetes
Inactive
Smoking
Cholesterol
Blood pressure
obesity
Genes
27
Q

What are procedures for CAD?

A

Streptokinase- break blood clots
angioplasty- stent
Bypass graft- use saphenous vein from leg to bypass artery

28
Q

What is congenital heart disease?

A

Acyanotic

Cyanotic

29
Q

What is acyanotic ?

A

normal level of 02#

30
Q

What is cyanotic?

A

low 02 so dark blood

31
Q

What is septal defects?

A

blood flow from left to right of heart so blood mix

32
Q

What is coarctation of aorta?

A

narrow aorta so blood pressure rises

33
Q

What is patent ductus arteriosus?

A

blood from aorta mix with de02 blood from pulmonary artery

34
Q

What is characteristic of patent ductus arteriosus?

A

vessel between aorta and pulmonary artery so increase aortic trunk blood pressure

HEART (11 decks)

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