The cardiac cycle

Question 1

What are 4 distinct phases of cardiac cycle?

Answer 1

1) Ventricular filling
2) isovolumetric ventricular contraction
3) ventricular ejection
4) isovolumetric ventricular relaxation

Question 2

What is Mid/late diastole

Answer 2

ventricular filling

Question 3

What is Systole?

Answer 3

isovolumetric ventricular contraction

ventricular ejection

Question 4

What is early diastole?

Answer 4

isovolumetric ventricular relaxation

Question 5

What happens in ventricular filling?

Answer 5

atrial depolarisation so contracts

Question 6

What is isovolumetric ventricular contraction ?

Answer 6

pressure in ventricles rise

isovolumetric= same volume

Question 7

What is ventricular ejection ?

Answer 7

increased Aortic pressure

Question 8

What is isovolumetric ventricular relaxation?

Answer 8

atrial filling

Question 9

What does isovolumetric contraction mean?

Answer 9

Ventr. contract but not pressure not enough to open Semi lunar valves so volume is the same

Question 10

What does isovolumetric relaxation mean?

Answer 10

Ventr. relax and all valves are shut and same vol.

Question 11

What is aortic diastole pressure?

Answer 11

SL valves closed and pressure drops

Question 12

what is aortic systolic pressure?

Answer 12

Max pressure increase

Question 13

what is mean arterial pressure?

Answer 13

average cardiac pressure

Question 14

What causes dicrotic notch on aortic pressure graph?

Answer 14

Aortic valve shutting

Question 15

What is pulse pressure? PP

Answer 15

Systolic pressure minus diastolic pressure

Question 16

What is Mean arterial pressure ? MAP

Answer 16

Diastolic pressure + 1/3 * Pulse pressure

Question 17

What is Stroke volume? SV

Answer 17

End diastolic volume minus end systolic volume

Question 18

What is ejection fraction ? EF

Answer 18

SV/ EDV

Question 19

What is ejection fraction?

Answer 19

vol of blood ejected in 1 beat: vol of blood prior to ejection

Question 20

What is EF is 50%?

Answer 20

every heart beat 50% of blood is ejected from heaert

Question 21

What is lub sound

Answer 21

AV Valves closing

Question 22

What is dub sound?

Answer 22

pulmonary and semi lunar valves closing

Question 23

How are sounds formed ?

Answer 23

from laminar to turbulent flow

Question 24

What is coronary artery disease?

Answer 24

accumulation of atherosclerotic plaque

Question 25

what does Coronary artery disease lead to?

Answer 25

myocardial infarction | angina

Question 26

What are risk factors for CAD?= DISCPOG

Answer 26

``` Diabetes Inactive Smoking Cholesterol Blood pressure obesity Genes ```

Question 27

What are procedures for CAD?

Answer 27

Streptokinase- break blood clots angioplasty- stent Bypass graft- use saphenous vein from leg to bypass artery

Question 28

What is congenital heart disease?

Answer 28

Acyanotic | Cyanotic

Question 29

What is acyanotic ?

Answer 29

normal level of 02#

Question 30

What is cyanotic?

Answer 30

low 02 so dark blood

Question 31

What is septal defects?

Answer 31

blood flow from left to right of heart so blood mix

Question 32

What is coarctation of aorta?

Answer 32

narrow aorta so blood pressure rises

Question 33

What is patent ductus arteriosus?

Answer 33

blood from aorta mix with de02 blood from pulmonary artery

Question 34

What is characteristic of patent ductus arteriosus?

Answer 34

vessel between aorta and pulmonary artery so increase aortic trunk blood pressure