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Anatomy of thorax Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the Thorax?

A

protection of vital organs

Facilitates respiratory movements

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2
Q

How many vertebrae and ribs are there?

A

12

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3
Q

What is the costal margin?

A

When ribs share costal cartilage T7-10

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4
Q

Why is T8-10 aka false ribs?

A

link together before attaching to sternum

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5
Q

What are T11-12 Ribs?

A

floating ribs

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6
Q

What sits between ribs?

A

intercostal muscles

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7
Q

What is neurovascular bundle?

A

ribs has own set of vessels/nerves between innermost and internal fibres

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8
Q

What are the 2 articulation attachments for the rib?

A

posterior vertebrae and sternum ( to sternum via costal cartilage)

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9
Q

What is sternum made up of ?

A

Manubrium
body
Xiphoid

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10
Q

What does the sterna angle do?

A

divide into inferior and superior thorax

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11
Q

What is the thoracic inlet?q

A

how thoracic cavity communicates with root of neck, into the thorax
T1 vertebra and superior border of manubrium

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12
Q

what pass through thoracic inlet?

A

esophagus
trachea
apices of lungs

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13
Q

What is the Thoracic Outlet?

A

how thoracic cavity communicates with abdomen

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14
Q

What are boundaries of thoracic outlet?

A

Anterior margin of T12
ribs 11/12
Costal margin
Xiphisternal joint - between xiphoid and mesosternum

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15
Q

What is the Diaphragm?

A

muscle that separates the thorax from abdomen

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16
Q

What muscle fibres does diaphragm have?

A

radiating fibres from central tendon and attach to costal margin and onto vertebrae

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17
Q

What does inspiration do?

A

diaphragm moves downwards so thoracic vol. increase

and pressure decreases

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18
Q

Why does diaphragm have apertures ?

A

to allow vessels, nerves and oesophagus to travel from thorax to enter abdomen

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19
Q

Where does Aorta travel in diaphragm

A

behind it at T12

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20
Q

Where does inferior vena cava travel?

A

central tendon at T8

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21
Q

Where does Oesophagus travel in diaphragm

A

at T10

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22
Q

What happens to diaphragm in inhalation ?

A

flattens

23
Q

What happens to diaphragm in exhalation ?

A

Domed

24
Q

What is the most Anterior out of the three main openings?

A

Inferior vena cava

25
Q

What are the 3 layers to intercostal muscles?

A

External intercostal
Internal
innermost

26
Q

What happens when external fibres contract?

A

pull rib up and out

27
Q

What groove does ribs have?

A

Costal

28
Q

How does innermost fibres run?

A

Same direction as internal

29
Q

What do the upper ribs do?

A

increase Anterior-Posterior diameter, move up

30
Q

What do Lower ribs do?

A

Increase Transverse diameter , move out

31
Q

What happens when we breathe in?

A
  • ribcage up and out

- increase distance between sternum and thoracic vertebrae

32
Q

What does the Mediastinum midline region enclose?

A

heart, major vessels and nerves, trachea, oesophagus

33
Q

What are the major vessels enclosed by mediastinum?

A

Brachiocephalic veins
superior vena cava
aorta arch

34
Q

What are 2 pleural sacs lined with?

A

Visceral and Parietal pleura that create Pleural Sac

35
Q

What is visceral layer attached to?

A

Lungs

36
Q

What is parietal layer attached to?

A

Thoracic cavity

37
Q

What is Pleural cavity?

A

Small space between visceral and parietal pleura

38
Q

What does Serous Pleural Fluid do?

A

reduces friction

creates surface tension between layers

39
Q

What does the right lung have?

A

3 LOBES- superior, middle and inferior

2 FISSURES- horizontal and oblique

40
Q

What does left lung have

A

2 LOBES- Superior and inferior

1 Oblique fissure

41
Q

What is the Hilum?

A

medial aspect of lung where vessels leave/enter

42
Q

What is Pulmonary ligament?

A

Where 2 pleura’s connect together so movement within lung

43
Q

What vessels in Hilum?

A

Pulmonary artery enters and Pulmonary Vein leaves

44
Q

What are the divisions of Mediastinum?

A

plane via Sternal angle and lower border of T4

45
Q

What are the subdivisions of Mediastinum?

A

Superior and Inferior Mediastinum

46
Q

What is Inferior Mediastinum divided into?

A

Anterior, Middle and Posterior mediastinum

47
Q

What does superior mediastinum house?

A

oesophagus, trachea and vessells

48
Q

What does middle part of inferior mediastinum house

A

heart and pericardium

49
Q

What does Posterior part of inferior mediastinum house

A

vessels, tubes and nerves

50
Q

What does Superior Mediastinum house?

A 
Arch of Aorta
Thymus
superior vena cava
Brachiocephalic trunk
left subclavian artery 
Left common carotid artery
Trachea/ oesophagus
51
Q

What does Anterior part of inferior mediastinum house

A

Thymus

52
Q

What does Posterior part of inferior mediastinum house

A

Thoracic aorta
Azygos veins
Thoracic duct

53
Q

Where does thoracic aorta originate ?

A

T4 and passes posteriorly to diaphragm

54
Q

Where does Azygos vein?

A

at T12 w/ aorta and drains the right chest

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