The Bystander effect

Question 1

General Definitions 
Pro social behaviour 
Altruism 
Helping Behaviour 
Sociocultural theory

Answer 1

prosocial = acts that the society values positively

sociocultural theory = like the social role theory
differences in the behaviour of gender inequality are determined by the adaptation to society.

Question 2

Biological explanations for helping behaviour

Answer 2

Mutualism: to help because the costs of not helping are higher than the costs of helping .
Kin Selection: to help preferably your closest family members in order to protect your tribe.
communicative gene: the ability to communicate makes learning even possible.

Question 3

fitness altruism

Answer 3

theory of decreasing the helpers fitness by increasing anothers fitness.

Question 4

Learning to be helpful

Answer 4

exposure to models
giving instructions
using reinforcement

Question 5

influences on helping behaviour

Answer 5

attributional influence > than modelling influence / reinforcement
video games influence

Question 6

what promotes helping / makes it easier ?

Answer 6

• having skills
• being a leader
• prior commitment
• commons dilemmas= if everyone is in a dilemma when nobody acts.

Question 7

bystander intervention

Answer 7

• a person breaks out of the bystander effect and helps another person in need

Question 8

Bystander effect

Answer 8

• if people are with others in an emergency situation they are less likely to help
• the greater the number the more likely they are to show apathy .

Question 9

Scrooge effect

Answer 9

-the effect tested with people donating for charity and being in front of a funeral - they are more likely to donate

Question 10

Social learning theory

Answer 10

• human social behaviour is not innate but learn from culture.

Question 11

Empathic concern / Empathy / perspective taking

Answer 11

perspective taking= if you take the perspective of the victim you are more likely to act empathetic

empathetic concern=

Question 12

What hinders helping ?

Answer 12

Diffusion of responsibilities
Fear of social blunders
Audience inhibition
Social influence

Question 13

In your mind - when you about to decide if you are going help?

Answer 13

awareness of the presence of others
seeing others react .
awareness of others observing you ?

Question 14

How does the mood come into account when it comes t o helping ?

Answer 14

good mood

bad mood

Question 15

Other personal things having an influence on your helping behaviour?

Answer 15

forgiveness
attachment style
living in big cities

Question 16

How are the norms for helping called ?

Answer 16

reciprocity norm

social responsibility norm

Question 17

What are goals one follows when acting socially?

Answer 17

instrumental goals

ultimate goals

Question 18

Four reflections before you help !

Answer 18

attend what is happening- defining as emergency - defining responsibility- assuming what there is to do - doing it ! the fuck - just do it !!!

Question 19

Bystander calculation model

Answer 19

• calculating the costs and benefits of helping in an emergency situation

Empathy costs of not helping
Personal costs of not helping

Question 20

Latané and Darleys cognition model

Answer 20

??

Question 21

Batson theory of helping behaviour

Answer 21

, egoism , altruism , collectivism = altruism for our group , principalism = helping is underlined of a principle

Question 22

Negative state relief model P. 537 purple box

Answer 22

• seeing the victim suffer causes the observer to be unpleasant as well this is why there needs to be a relief for the suffering and this function has the helping.

Question 23

reinforcement theory equals ?

Answer 23

positive instrumental conditioning

Question 24

Pluralistic ignorance

Answer 24

• looking for models in emergency situations to know what to do. most of the time seeing others ignoring things and than drawing the conclusion, that you should ignore it as well.

Question 25

Prosocial behaviour

Answer 25

Acts that are valuated by society and reflect some norms and general values in society.

Question 26

What are the steps of the bystander calculus model?

Answer 26

• having a physical arousal
• labelling this arousal
• evaluating the consequences of what you have to do

Question 27

Pialivanin Model

Answer 27

• something like the calculus model

Question 28

Batsons theory of helping behaviour

Answer 28

• empathetic concern: the feeling of warmth , softheartedness and feeling compassion for the person in need.