The Bystander effect Flashcards
chapter 13
General Definitions Pro social behaviour Altruism Helping Behaviour Sociocultural theory
prosocial = acts that the society values positively
sociocultural theory = like the social role theory
differences in the behaviour of gender inequality are determined by the adaptation to society.
Biological explanations for helping behaviour
Mutualism: to help because the costs of not helping are higher than the costs of helping .
Kin Selection: to help preferably your closest family members in order to protect your tribe.
communicative gene: the ability to communicate makes learning even possible.
fitness altruism
theory of decreasing the helpers fitness by increasing anothers fitness.
Learning to be helpful
exposure to models
giving instructions
using reinforcement
influences on helping behaviour
attributional influence > than modelling influence / reinforcement
video games influence
what promotes helping / makes it easier ?
- having skills
- being a leader
- prior commitment
- commons dilemmas= if everyone is in a dilemma when nobody acts.
bystander intervention
- a person breaks out of the bystander effect and helps another person in need
Bystander effect
- if people are with others in an emergency situation they are less likely to help
- the greater the number the more likely they are to show apathy .
Scrooge effect
-the effect tested with people donating for charity and being in front of a funeral - they are more likely to donate
Social learning theory
- human social behaviour is not innate but learn from culture.
Empathic concern / Empathy / perspective taking
perspective taking= if you take the perspective of the victim you are more likely to act empathetic
empathetic concern=
What hinders helping ?
Diffusion of responsibilities
Fear of social blunders
Audience inhibition
Social influence
In your mind - when you about to decide if you are going help?
awareness of the presence of others
seeing others react .
awareness of others observing you ?
How does the mood come into account when it comes t o helping ?
good mood
bad mood
Other personal things having an influence on your helping behaviour?
forgiveness
attachment style
living in big cities
How are the norms for helping called ?
reciprocity norm
social responsibility norm
What are goals one follows when acting socially?
instrumental goals
ultimate goals
Four reflections before you help !
attend what is happening- defining as emergency - defining responsibility- assuming what there is to do - doing it ! the fuck - just do it !!!
Bystander calculation model
- calculating the costs and benefits of helping in an emergency situation
Empathy costs of not helping
Personal costs of not helping
Latané and Darleys cognition model
??
Batson theory of helping behaviour
, egoism , altruism , collectivism = altruism for our group , principalism = helping is underlined of a principle
Negative state relief model P. 537 purple box
- seeing the victim suffer causes the observer to be unpleasant as well this is why there needs to be a relief for the suffering and this function has the helping.
reinforcement theory equals ?
positive instrumental conditioning
Pluralistic ignorance
- looking for models in emergency situations to know what to do. most of the time seeing others ignoring things and than drawing the conclusion, that you should ignore it as well.
Prosocial behaviour
Acts that are valuated by society and reflect some norms and general values in society.
What are the steps of the bystander calculus model?
- having a physical arousal
- labelling this arousal
- evaluating the consequences of what you have to do
Pialivanin Model
- something like the calculus model
Batsons theory of helping behaviour
- empathetic concern: the feeling of warmth , softheartedness and feeling compassion for the person in need.
