The Brain Week 3 Flashcards
The three main structures of the brain:
- cortex/cerebrum
- brainstem
- cerebellum
2 gross division of the forebrain:
- telencephalon (cortex)
2. Diencephalon (Deep structures)
Midbrain division:
Mesencephalon
2 hindbrain (brainstem) divisions:
- Myelencephalon (medulla)
2. Metencephalon (pons/cerebellum)
Telencephalon (cerebral cortex) consist of what thing divisons
Gray matter and white matter
What does gray matter consist of?
neuronal cell bodies (lines exterior)
What does white matter consist of?
axons (attach gray matter regions)
Reasoning, planning, speech, movement, emotions, problem solving
Frontal lobe
Sensation, orientation, recognition, perception of stimuli
Parietal lobe
Vision
Occipital lobe
Audition, memory, speech
Temporal lobe
Name what side of the brain: right hand control
left
Name what side of the brain: Spoken language
Left
Name what side of the brain: mathematical skills
left
Name what side of the brain: written language
left
Name what side of the brain: scientific skills
left
Name what side of the brain: logical reasoning
left
Name what side of the brain: left hand control
right
Name what side of the brain: music awareness
right
Name what side of the brain: three dimensional forms
right
Name what side of the brain: art awareness
right
Name what side of the brain: insight
right
Name what side of the brain: imagination
right
Speech production?
Broca’s area
Word recognition?
Wernicke’s area
a loss of connection in between 2 areas
conduction aphasia
wipes out alot of memories
global aphasia
Associated with language damage
Transcortical aphasia
What connects the two hemispheres?
white matter
-corpus callosum and anterior commissure
why would a split brain operation be performed?
epilepsy/seizures
Fibers that are within the hemisphere
Assoication fibers
Fibers that are located between hemispheres
Commissural fibers
Fibers that go from the cerebral cortex to or lower area
Projection fibers
White matter pathway and forms internal capsule
Corona Radiata
Carries tracts to/from cortex
- Ascending (sensory)
- Descending (motor)
Corona Radiata
What is the order of the basal ganglia?
- cortex
- caudate and putamen (modulary inputs)
- relay nuclei
- thalamus
- repeat
What is part of the Striatum of the Basal Ganglia
- Caudate
- Putamen
What is part of the Lentiform of the Basal Ganglia
Globus Pallidus and Putamen
Major function of the Basal Ganglia within the Telencephalon?
initiation of smooth movement
Diminished initiation and slowed execution
Basal Ganglia disorder: HYPOKINETIC
-Parkinsons Disease
Increased, involuntary movements
Basal Ganglia disorder: HYPERKINETIC
-Huntingtons disease (chorea)
Learning and memory formation;
hippocampus (telencephalon)
“Seahorse”
area of adult stemm cell generation
hippocampus (telencephalon)
“seahorse”
Emotional response, fear & aggression
Amygdala (telencephalon)
“almond”
Large, centrally located, grouping of nuclei
Thalamus (Diencephalon)
Central relay station for most sensory information, consciousness and arousal
Thalamus (Diencephalon)
Arousal and motivation
Lateral Hypothalamus (Diencephalon)
Homeostasis and reproduction
Ventromedial Hypothalamus (Diencephalon)
Autonomic nervous system function
Periventricular zone Hypothalamus (Diencephalon)
Located on dorsal half of midbrain
Tectum
Function in midbrain: Orientation
Tectum (midbrain)
Located on ventral half of midbrain
Tegmentum
Function in midbrain: Movement and arousal
Tegmentum
This is considered the “bridge” in the metencephalon
Pons
This is considered the “little brain” in the metencephalon
cerebellum
- Movement and coordination
- sensation
- cognition
- memory
Cerebellum
Regulates sleep, wakefulness and levels of arousal in the myelencephalon?
Reticular formation in the medulla
Wakefulness: High
SWS: Low
REM: Very Low
Serotonin and Norepinephrine
Wakefulness: High
SWS: Low
REM: High
Acetylcholine
