Endocrine I -Hormone

Question 1

Chemical control system

Answer 1

• Metabolism
• Reproduction
• Homeostatic Maintenance
• Growth/Development

Question 2

Description of organs of the Endocrine System

Answer 2

Not clustered, often small, mostly glandular tissue

Question 3

Releases materials into ducts that open onto epithelium

Answer 3

Exocrene Gland

Question 4

Releases materials directly into the blood stream

Answer 4

Endocrine Gland

Question 5

Hormones are secreted into the blood into capillaries

Answer 5

Endocrine Gland

Question 6

Chemicals produced by the gland and is secreted

Answer 6

Exocrene Gland

Question 7

Protein chain of amino acids; water soluble, bind to receptors in lipid membrane

Answer 7

Polypeptides

Question 8

Water soluble, bind to receptors in lipid membrane

Answer 8

AA derivatives

Question 9

Comes from cholesterol; lipid soluble, travel to lipid membrane and bind to a receptor inside the bilayer

Answer 9

Steriods

Question 10

Adrenal =

Answer 10

Glucocorticoid

Question 11

Gonadal =

Answer 11

Sex steroids

Question 12

Most hormones in the body

Answer 12

Polypeptides

Question 13

Large proteins synthesized in ER of Endocrine cells

Vast array of sizes (3 A.A – 200 A.A)

Answer 13

Polypeptides

Question 14

Mechanism of Action: cell surface and water soluble

Answer 14

Polypeptides

Question 15

Modifies and repackages all polypeptides so they can leave the cell

Answer 15

Golgi Apparatus

Question 16

Is the parent amino acid for catecholamines and thyroid hormones

Answer 16

Tyrosine

Question 17

Are made by modifying the side groups of tyrosine

Answer 17

Catecholamines

Question 18

Are synthesized from two tyrosines and iodine (I) atoms

Answer 18

Thyroid hormones

Question 19

Catecholamines are water soluble or lipid soluble?

Answer 19

Water soluble

Question 20

Thyroid hormones are water soluble or lipid soluble?

Answer 20

Lipid soluble

Question 21

• More than 1 hormone needed for full effect

- 1 hormone ‘prepares’ the system for the other

Answer 21

Permissiveness

Question 22

• Occurs in situations where more than one hormone can produce the same effect
• Combined effect of multiple hormones is greater than the effect of 1 alone

Answer 22

Synergism

Question 23

1 hormone opposes the action of another

Answer 23

Antagonism

Question 24

Activation of surface receptor

Answer 24

Plasma Membrane Receptor

Question 25

Passage through plasma and nuclear membranes

Answer 25

Intracellular Receptors

Question 26

substances that respond to hormones; only going to be released when a hormone is present. They are inactive until hormone comes and they just wait in the cell

Answer 26

2nd messenger

Question 27

Hormone release caused by altered levels of certain critical ions or nutrients

Answer 27

Humoral Stimulus

Question 28

Stimulus: Low concentration of Ca2+ in capillary blood
Response: Parathyroid glands secrete parathyroid hormone, which increases blood Ca2+

Answer 28

Humoral Stimulus

Question 29

Hormone release cause by neural input

Answer 29

Neural stimulus

Question 30

Stimulus: action potential in preganglionic sympathertic fibers to adrenal medulla
Response: adrenal medulla cells secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine

Answer 30

Neural stimulus

Question 31

Hormone release caused by another hormone

Answer 31

hormonal stimulus

Question 32

Stimulus: hormones from hypothalamus
Response: Anterior pituitary gland secretes hormones that stimulate other endocrine glands to secrete hormones

Answer 32

Hormonal stimulus

Question 33

• Response enhances or exaggerates the original stimulus

- May exhibit a cascade or amplifying effect as feedback causes variable to continue in same direction as initial change

Answer 33

Positive feedback

Question 34

-Most-used feedback mechanism

• Response reduces or shuts off original stimulus
• Variable changes in opposite direction of initial change

Answer 34

Negative feedback