Cells of the Nervous System Week 1

Question 1

communication cells; allows us to receive/send signals; only 10% of the volume of the brain

Answer 1

neuron

Question 2

Essential Support; physical and nutritional/chemical

Answer 2

Glia

Question 3

Similar components as other cells in the human body; contains less than 1/10 of cell’s total volume;

Answer 3

soma (cell body)

Question 4

contains: plasma membrane, nucleus, and cytoplasm

Answer 4

soma (cell body)

Question 5

Standard bilayer membrane, creates hydrophobic barrier

Answer 5

Structure of cell membrane

Question 6

responsible for the shape of a neuron

Answer 6

cytoskeleton

Question 7

cytoskeleton is composed of what 3:

Answer 7

neurofilaments, microtubules, actin microfilaments

Question 8

_____ get from one place to another via microtubules

Answer 8

organelles

Question 9

Slow -0.2-4 mm/day (diffusion) -carries structural proteins

Answer 9

anterograde transport

Question 10

fast- 20-400 mm/day- mediated by ____ to the microtubules -carries large structures

Answer 10

kinesin; anterograde transport

Question 11

Retrograde transport; only at fast rate (20-400 mm/day) -mediated by ____ bound to microtubules

Answer 11

dynein

Question 12

what 2 things are neurons classified by?

Answer 12

number of neurites extending from soma and dendrite organization

Question 13

Afferent; connect with sensory receptors; bodies in sensory ganglion; enter dorsal horn of spinal cord

Answer 13

sensory neurons

Question 14

Efferent; Ventral root of Spinal Cord; within the nucleus within the spinal cord

Answer 14

motor neurons

Question 15

connecting/associating neuron; fully in gray matter between other neurons

Answer 15

spinal interneuron

Question 16

neurons of _____ type work together to produce a behavior

Answer 16

ALL

Question 17

REFLEX ARC: responds to stimulus by producing a generator or receptor potential

Answer 17

1. sensory receptor

Question 18

REFLEX ARC: axon conducts impulses from receptor to integrating center

Answer 18

2. sensory neuron

Question 19

REFLEX ARC: one or more regions with the CNS that relay impulses from sensory to motor neurons

Answer 19

3. integrating center

Question 20

REFLEX ARC: axon conducts impulses form integrating center to effector

Answer 20

4. motor neuron

Question 21

REFLEX ARC: muscle or gland that responds to motor nerve impulses

Answer 21

5 effector

Question 22

Gap between neurons that are sending and receiving information

Answer 22

synapses

Question 23

release of chemical messengers allows for communication between neurons

Answer 23

synapses

Question 24

oligodendricytes, schwann cells, astrocytes, ependymal, satellite

Answer 24

macroglia

Question 25

glia in the CNS

Answer 25

Ependymal, oligodendrocyte, astrocytes, microglia

Question 26

glia in PNS

Answer 26

satellite and schwann

Question 27

star shaped, broad, expansive; nutritional support, maintain internal envrionment of neuron, modulate communication

Answer 27

astrocytes

Question 28

obits cells, regulate chemicals in sensory, sympathetic, and parasympathetic ganglia

Answer 28

satellite cell

Question 29

Protect against injury and disease (immune response); cleaning crew- street sweepers, clean up anything that is damaged, fight off disease process, similar to macrophage

Answer 29

Microglia

Question 30

Line the spinal cord and ventricles, creation of cerebrospinal fluid (give brain and spinal cord cushion)

Answer 30

Ependymal cells

Question 31

Produce myelin sheath in CNS, hard to stain, grabs myelin and wraps hundreds of axons

Answer 31

Oligodendrocytes

Question 32

Produce myelin sheath in PNS, 1 schwann cell wraps 1 myelin

Answer 32

schwann cell

Question 33

White fatty material; what % lipid and protein?

Answer 33

75-80 lipid, 20-25 protein

-myelin

Question 34

Essential for proper functioning of axons

Answer 34

electrical insulator

Question 35

________ ______ chain strengthens myelin sheet

Answer 35

sphingomyelin hydrocarbon

Question 36

gaps in myelin sheath, allow movement of ion and allow change of permeability

Answer 36

Node of Ranvier