Cells of the Nervous System Week 1 Flashcards
communication cells; allows us to receive/send signals; only 10% of the volume of the brain
neuron
Essential Support; physical and nutritional/chemical
Glia
Similar components as other cells in the human body; contains less than 1/10 of cell’s total volume;
soma (cell body)
contains: plasma membrane, nucleus, and cytoplasm
soma (cell body)
Standard bilayer membrane, creates hydrophobic barrier
Structure of cell membrane
responsible for the shape of a neuron
cytoskeleton
cytoskeleton is composed of what 3:
neurofilaments, microtubules, actin microfilaments
_____ get from one place to another via microtubules
organelles
Slow -0.2-4 mm/day (diffusion) -carries structural proteins
anterograde transport
fast- 20-400 mm/day- mediated by ____ to the microtubules -carries large structures
kinesin; anterograde transport
Retrograde transport; only at fast rate (20-400 mm/day) -mediated by ____ bound to microtubules
dynein
what 2 things are neurons classified by?
number of neurites extending from soma and dendrite organization
Afferent; connect with sensory receptors; bodies in sensory ganglion; enter dorsal horn of spinal cord
sensory neurons
Efferent; Ventral root of Spinal Cord; within the nucleus within the spinal cord
motor neurons
connecting/associating neuron; fully in gray matter between other neurons
spinal interneuron
neurons of _____ type work together to produce a behavior
ALL
REFLEX ARC: responds to stimulus by producing a generator or receptor potential
- sensory receptor
REFLEX ARC: axon conducts impulses from receptor to integrating center
- sensory neuron
REFLEX ARC: one or more regions with the CNS that relay impulses from sensory to motor neurons
- integrating center
REFLEX ARC: axon conducts impulses form integrating center to effector
- motor neuron
REFLEX ARC: muscle or gland that responds to motor nerve impulses
5 effector
Gap between neurons that are sending and receiving information
synapses
release of chemical messengers allows for communication between neurons
synapses
oligodendricytes, schwann cells, astrocytes, ependymal, satellite
macroglia
glia in the CNS
Ependymal, oligodendrocyte, astrocytes, microglia
glia in PNS
satellite and schwann
star shaped, broad, expansive; nutritional support, maintain internal envrionment of neuron, modulate communication
astrocytes
obits cells, regulate chemicals in sensory, sympathetic, and parasympathetic ganglia
satellite cell
Protect against injury and disease (immune response); cleaning crew- street sweepers, clean up anything that is damaged, fight off disease process, similar to macrophage
Microglia
Line the spinal cord and ventricles, creation of cerebrospinal fluid (give brain and spinal cord cushion)
Ependymal cells
Produce myelin sheath in CNS, hard to stain, grabs myelin and wraps hundreds of axons
Oligodendrocytes
Produce myelin sheath in PNS, 1 schwann cell wraps 1 myelin
schwann cell
White fatty material; what % lipid and protein?
75-80 lipid, 20-25 protein
-myelin
Essential for proper functioning of axons
electrical insulator
________ ______ chain strengthens myelin sheet
sphingomyelin hydrocarbon
gaps in myelin sheath, allow movement of ion and allow change of permeability
Node of Ranvier
