Endocrine II -The HPA

Question 1

Endocrine system is controlled via the:

Answer 1

Hypothalamopituitary Axis

Question 2

Main action of the endocrine system:

Answer 2

secrete hormones into bloodstream

Question 3

Master control of the endocrine system

Answer 3

Hypothalamopituitary Axis (HPA)

Question 4

_____ produces initial hormones

Answer 4

Hypothalamus

Question 5

______ releases hormones as directed by hypothalamus

Answer 5

Pituitary

Question 6

What is connected by a vascular portal system

Answer 6

Hypothalamopituitary Axis (HPA)

Question 7

Feedback control of the hypothalamopituitary axis:

Answer 7

1) Hypothalamic

2) Pituitary

Question 8

-Subcortical Structure
-Outlines ventral portion of
the 3rd ventricle
-Ventral to thalamus,
-Superior to optic chiasm

Answer 8

Anatomy of hypothalamus

Question 9

5 functions of hypothalamus

Answer 9

Body Temperature
Blood Pressure
Fluid & Electrolytes
Body weight
Appetite

Question 10

Pea sized gland

Answer 10

Pituitary Gland

Question 11

Centrally located at base of brain

Sits in sella turcica

Answer 11

Pituitary Gland

Question 12

Attached to hypothalamus by a infundibulum and a vascular network

Answer 12

Pituitary Gland

Question 13

The Pituitary Gland is composed of two halves: Anterior is made of?

Answer 13

Glandular epithelium

Question 14

The Pituitary Gland is composed of two halves: Posterior is made of?

Answer 14

Neurosecretory Tissue

Question 15

Development of the Anterior Pituitary

Answer 15

from Rathke’s Pouch (ventral)

Question 16

Development of the Posterior Pituitary

Answer 16

From the neuroectoderm

Question 17

3 divisions of the Ant. Pituitary

Answer 17

Par distalis
Par intermedia
Pars tuberalis

Question 18

• Bulk of ant. pituitary

- arises from anterior wall of pouch

Answer 18

Pars Distalis

Question 19

• Thin remnant of pouch

- abuts pars distalis

Answer 19

Pars intermedia

Question 20

• Lateral wall of pouch

- forms a collar or sheath around infundibulum

Answer 20

-Pars tuberalis

Question 21

Pars Distalis is composed of 5 cell types w/ 3 different staining reactions

Answer 21

• Acidophils
• Basophiles
• Chromophobes

Question 22

40% of cells

Stain pink

Answer 22

Acidophils

Question 23

10% of cells

Stain purple

Answer 23

Basophiles

Question 24

50% of cells

Light/no staining

Answer 24

Chromophobes

Question 25

• Histologically identifiable by colloid filled follicles

- Function still largely unknown

Answer 25

Par Intermedia

Question 26

Neurosecretory axons and their endings

Answer 26

Pars nervosa

Question 27

• Continuous with median eminence

- contains hypothalamohypophyseal tracts

Answer 27

Infundibulum

Question 28

Storage site for neural secretions

Answer 28

Pars Nervosa

Question 29

In the Pars Nervosa, _______ is a cell unique of the neurohypophysis, associated with fenestrated capillaries

Answer 29

Pituicyte

Question 30

Posterior Pituitary

• Supplies pars tuberalis, infundibulum, and eminence.
• Arises from Internal Carotid and Posterior Communicating arteries

Answer 30

Superior hypophyseal arteries

Question 31

Posterior Pituitary

• Supplies pars nervosa
• Arises from Internal Carotid

Answer 31

Inferior hypophyseal arteries

Question 32

Venous Return:

-Capillaries drain into the veins of _______ portal system

Answer 32

hypophyseal

Question 33

Anterior Pituitary:
No direct arterial supply
Venous return through the __________________

Answer 33

hypophyseal portal system

Question 34

• 15-20%
• ACTH, B-lipotropin
• Adrenal gland, Adipocytes, Melanocytes

Answer 34

Corticotroph

Question 35

• 3-5%
• TSH
• Thyroid gland

Answer 35

Thyrotroph

Question 36

• 10-15%
• LH, FSH
• Gonads

Answer 36

Gonadotroph

Question 37

• 40-50%
• GH
• All tissues, liver

Answer 37

Somatotroph

Question 38

• 10-15%
• PRL
• Breasts and gonads

Answer 38

Lactotroph