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Anatomy And Phisyology 211 > The Brain Part 1,2 and ANS > Flashcards

The Brain Part 1,2 and ANS Flashcards

1
Q

Brain stem

A 
Lower portion of the brain.
What keeps us alive!
Medulla oblongata 
Pons
Midbrain
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2
Q

Cerebellum

A

Back

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3
Q

Ventricles

A

Hydrostatic skeleton in the brain

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4
Q

Meninges

A

Durra mater
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater

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5
Q

CSF

A

Cushioning
Supporting (floating) the brain. 1600g to 25g
Chemical balance
Blood plasma with no proteins!

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6
Q

CSF formation

A

Made in the choroid plexuses
By ependymal cells
Capillaries
Make 500mL a day.

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7
Q

CSF circulation

A

Through ventricles

Spinal epidural space and central canal.

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8
Q

Brain blood supply

A 
TO the brain:
Internal carotids 
Vertebral/basilar arteries
FROM the brain:
Internal jugulars
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9
Q

Blood-brain, blood-CSF barriers

A 
BBB
Highly selective regulation
Glucose and O2 and CO2 to defuse though
This prevents infection.
Absent in endocrine structures.
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10
Q

Cerebrum

A

Folds and higher thinking

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11
Q

Diencephalon

A

Part of the forebrain, containing the epithalamus, Thalamus, hypothalamus and the third ventricle.

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12
Q

Midbrain

A

The portion of the central nervous system associated with vision, hearing, motor control, sleep, wake and arousal

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13
Q

Pons

A

Links The Medela oblongata and the thalamus

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14
Q

Medulla oblongata

A

The lower part of the brainstem in containing control centers for the heart and lungs.

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15
Q

Medela oblongata gray matter

A

ANS reflex control
Breathing (Normal), blood pressure, heart rate
Cranial nerve sensory and motor functions

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16
Q

Puns, white matter

A

Sensory to the thalamus

Motor to cranial and spinal nerves

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17
Q

Pons gray matter

A

Cranial nerve sensory relay and motor commands
Respiration rate adjustment
Relays sensory and motor information to the cerebellum

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18
Q

Midbrain, white matter (peduncles)

A

Connects motor neurons between brain and spinal cord

Sensory to thalamus

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19
Q

Midbrain, gray matter

A

Major nuclei:
Superior colliculi: visual reflexes
Inferior colliculi: auditory reflexes
Red nucleus: subconscious control of upper limbs
Substantia negra: regulates activity of basal nuclei
Reticular activating system (RAS): consciousness

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20
Q

Cerebellum, white matter

A

Coordination between brain regions and spinal cord

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21
Q

Cerebellum, gray matter

A

Balance and posture
Fine-tuning motor movements
EX. Writing

22
Q

Choroid plexus

A

Produces cerebral spinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain

23
Q

Gracile nucleus

A

One of the dorsal column nuclei that participate in the sensation of fine touch

24
Q

Cuneate nucleus

A

Fine Touch

25
Q

Solitary nucleus

A

Sensory nuclei forming a ventral column of gray matter imbedded in the medulla

26
Q

Epithalamus

A

Includes pineal gland(melatonin secretion)

Choroid plexus

27
Q

Thalamus function

A 
Filters and projects cerebral information
Visual and auditory info to cortexes
Regulates consciousness
Influences emotions
Damage = coma
28
Q

Major nuclei

A

Anterior group: part of the limbic system
Medial group: emotional output to Paris for all cortex; awareness of emotions
Ventral group: projects somatic sensory information to somatosensory cortex; Relays info from cerebrum to basal nuclei to motor cortex
Lateral group: integration of sensory info to influence emotional states
Posterior group: lateral geniculate nucleus; Projects visual info to visual cortex.
Medial geniculate nucleus; projects auditory info to auditory cortex

29
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Neurosensory coordination response to:
Neural stimuli
Hormones
Blood and cerebral spinal fluid chemical stimuli

30
Q

Major functions of the hypothalamus

A 
Autonomic coordination ( HR, BP)
Nuro sensory functions with pituitary
Physiological drives: hunger and thirst
Memory with limbic system
Regulation of body temperature
Control of circadian rhythms
Emotional behavior and sexual response
31
Q

Cerebrum

A 
Gray matter:
Basal nuclei: unconscious coordination
Cerebral cortex: conscious awareness and intellectual functions
White matter:
Neural wiring
32
Q

Basal nuclei

A

Process of sensory information
Direct control over sub conscious movement
Indirect control and modification of conscious movement via motor cortex

33
Q

Cerebral cortex

A

Two functionally distinct hemispheres
Left receives information and controls the right side of the body and vice versa
Coordinated by the corpus callosum
Specific areas control specific functions
Motor and sensory areas
Association areas

34
Q

The limbic system

A

Coordinates information between cerebellum and dienCephalon

35
Q

Functions of the limbic system

A

Establishes emotional states and drives
Links cerebrum, consciousness, with brainstem,
unconsciousness
Motivation and drive
Coordinating memory storage and retrieval
Amygdaloid body: emotion->meomory
Hippocampus: memory storage and retrieval

36
Q

Lateralis action

A

Refers to how some narrow functions tend to be more dominant in one hemisphere than the other

37
Q

General interpretive (wernicke’s) area

A

Where does are associated with their meaning in this area

38
Q

ANS effectors

A

Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands, adipose tissue

39
Q

Visceral reflex receptors

A

Baroreceptors
Chemoreceptors
Thermoreceptors

40
Q

Visceral reflex pathway

A 
Receptors
Afferent sensory nerves
Integration centers
Efferent motor nerves
Effectors
41
Q

Sympathetic nervous system

A

Fight or flight

42
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system

A

Resting and digesting

43
Q

Enteric nervous system

A

The brain in your gut

44
Q

Autonomic pathways

A 
Integrative center
Preganglionic fiber
Ganglion
Post ganglion if fiber
Varicosities
45
Q

Sympathetic functional anatomy

A

Prepares somatic division for action, fight or flight
Neural and hormonal activity
Inhibitory and excitatory options

46
Q

Sympathetic organization

A

Preganglionic neuron’s branch from lateral Gray horn’s

47
Q

Sympathetic chain ganglia

A

Innervate head and thoracic organs via sympathetic nerves
Generallyexcitatory, EX. Heart rate, lung dilation etc.
Innervate peripheral structures and glad to be a spinal nerves

48
Q

Collateral ganglia

A

Innervate abdominpelvic organs via Splanchnic nerves

Generally inhibitory, decrease digestion

49
Q

Adrenal Medullae

A

Stimulate release of epinephrine and norepinephrine

Sympathetic anatomy

50
Q

Parasympathetic

A

Visceral function and energy conservation, resting and digesting.
Fewer effectors, but more specific targeting then sympathetic

51
Q

Parasympathetic functional anatomy

A

Preganglionic nerves in brainstem (cranial nerves) and sacral segments
Ganglionic neurons terminate near, or in, target organs
Vegas nerve is the most efficient

Anatomy And Phisyology 211 (13 decks)

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