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Anatomy And Phisyology 211 > 211 Test One > Flashcards

211 Test One Flashcards

1
Q

Homeostasis

A

Maintaining balance despite widely changing external conditions.

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2
Q

Intrinsic regulation

A

Autoregulation, happens at tissue and organ level.

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3
Q

Extrinsic regulation

A

Neural and hormonal. External

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4
Q

Homeostatic feedback loop step one.

A

Stimulus: physical or chemical parameter that can very. Stimuli can be internal or external.

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5
Q

Homeostatic feedback loop step two.

A

Sensor: the structure that detects the change. Sensor can be cells, tissues organ that has sensors for the stimulus.

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6
Q

Homeostatic feedback loop step three.

A

Control center: the structure that processes the information. Then sends a message. Message is either neural or endocrine(chemical).

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7
Q

Homeostatic feedback loop step four.

A

Message: intercellular communication. Will be neural, chemical or hormonal.

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8
Q

Homeostatic feedback loop step five.

A

Effector: cell, tissue, organ or structure that receives the message. The effector will either receive a neural signal or have receptor for the hormone or chemical (ligand).

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9
Q

Homeostatic feedback loop step six.

A

Response: change of the effector. The presence of the message will change the activity of the receptor and then will counteract the change.

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10
Q

Biochemistry

A

Macromolecules
Pro tines, lipids, carbohydrates and nucleic acids
Condensation/dehydration reactions.

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11
Q

Enzymes

A

Chemical reaction catalyst, does not get used up in the reaction. Attaches to a substrate.

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12
Q

Properties of water.

A

H bonding, …

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13
Q

Membrane structure and function

A

Very important!!!!!!!!
Passive transport:Diffusion and Facilitated diffusion
Active transport.

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14
Q

Histology, four tissue types.

A

Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nervous

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15
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

Very important!

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16
Q

Endocrine cells

A

How do they work!

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17
Q

Ligand

A

?

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18
Q

Blood

A

Liquid Connective tissue

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19
Q

Blood function

A

Transport…
Protection…
Regulation…

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20
Q

Hemostasis

A

?

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21
Q

Blood properties

A 
4-6 L in you body
Temp. 38C
5x more viscous the water. 
pH = 7.35-7.45 acidosis, alkalosis!
Osmolarity: 300 mOsm/L
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22
Q

Plasma

A

Liquid part of blood.

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23
Q

Leukocytes

A

Defense
4-10,000 WBCs/mm^3
>10,000 = elevated

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24
Q

Leukocyte characteristics

A 
Primarily remain in the CT
Blood stream for point to point transportation 
Ameboid movement
Diapedisis?
Migration out of the blood stream.
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25
Q

Phagocytosis

A

?

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26
Q

Neutrophils

A

Most common (70%)
Mobile phagocytes
Attack marked bacteria
Suicidal eaters-puss!

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27
Q

Eosinophils

A

Rear! 2-4% of WBC count
Attack eukaryotic parasites E.X. Worms and Protozoa
Exotoxins release: attach to the parasites and inject exotoxins to kill.
Can phagocytosis

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28
Q

Basophils

A

Rear<1%
Granules contain histamine ( vasodilator) and heparin( anticoagulant)
Inflammatory response.

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29
Q

Monocytes

A

5-10% of WBC
Huge! macrophages.
Phagositize big clusters of bacteria

30
Q

Lymphocytes

A

20-30%

B,T, NK cells

31
Q

WBC development

A

Originate in bone marrow
Production hormonally regulated.
CSFs? Colony stimulating factors

32
Q

Platelets

A

Hemostasis

From megakaaryocytes

33
Q

Hemostsis

A

Ks

Jfnv

34
Q

Vascular paste of hemostasis

A

Decrease in diameter of the blood vessels due to injury. .

35
Q

Platelet phase

A

Platelets adhered to the lamina and plug it up.
Chemical signaling
..

36
Q

Coagulation phase

A 
Formation of a blood clot
Clotting factor (13) fibrin formation.
37
Q

CP

Extrinsic pathway

A

…

38
Q

CP

Intrinsic

A

…

39
Q

CP

Common pathway

A

…

40
Q

Hemophilia

A

Inability to clot blood.

41
Q

Leukemia

A

Cancer of white blood cells

42
Q

Blood clot/ pulmonary embolism

A

Anemia

43
Q

Anemia

A

Not getting enough to o2 to the cells

44
Q

Pericardium

A

Bag the heart sits in.

45
Q

Epicardium

A

.

46
Q

Endocardium

A

Inside of the heart

47
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

Myocardium
Interconnected via intercalated discs
Contractile and conducting tissue

48
Q

Heart chambers

A

2 atria
2 ventricles
4 valves: atrioventricular and semilunar

49
Q

Major odor great vessels

A

Vena cavalettis
Pulmonary artery
Pulmonary veins
Aorta

50
Q

Coronary circulation

A

Blood supply to the heart

51
Q

Intercalated disks

A

Myocardium connection.

52
Q

Gap junctions

A

Communication points

53
Q

Demos omens

A

Spot welds

54
Q

Myocardium

A

AEROBIC
Tons of mitochondria
Filled by fatty muscles
Resistance to fatigue

55
Q

Conducting cells

A

Control the contractions 1%

56
Q

Contractile cells

A

Do the contracting

57
Q

Parathyroid hormone

A

Maintains Ca+ outside of the cell.

58
Q

Funny channels

A

Always open!

59
Q

Hypodfloric acid

A

HF and F binds to Ca+. You die.

60
Q

SA node

A

Pacemaker

In right atrium

61
Q

AV node

A

Delays ventricular contraction

62
Q

AV bundle …

A

…

63
Q

Hearts job

A

Pressurize cardiac system

64
Q

Systole

A

Contraction of the heart

65
Q

Diastole

A

Relaxing

66
Q

Phases of contraction

A

Ventricular filling
Isometric contraction
Ventricular ejection
Isometric…

67
Q

Arteries

A

Carries blood away from the heart.

68
Q

Arterioles

A

…

69
Q

Tunica intima

A

Endothelium most internal.

70
Q

Compliance

A

Means that it gives.

71
Q

Targeted profusion to match demand

A

Arteries

72
Q

Hepatic

A

Liver

Anatomy And Phisyology 211 (13 decks)

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