The Brain and ANS Flashcards
Broca’s area function
motor programming of speech (usually in the left hemisphere only)
lesion of Broca’s area causes…
brocha’s aphasia (usually lesion in left hemisphere)
sympathetic stimulation effect of eyes (pupil, ciliary body)
dilates pupil (admits more light for increased acuity at a distance)
parasympathetic stimulation effect of eyes (pupil, ciliary body)
constricts pupil (protects pupil from excessively bright light)
contracts ciliary muscle, allowing lens to thicken for near vision (accommodation)
sympathetic stimulation effect of skin
causes hairs to stand on end (goosebumps), vasoconstricts, promotes sweating
parasympathetic stimulation effect of skin
No effect (does not reach)
sympathetic stimulation effect of other glands (lacrimal & salivary glands)
secretion decreases, becomes thicker, more viscous
parasympathetic stimulation effect of other glands (lacrimal & salivary glands)
promotes secretion, promotes abundant, watery secretion
sympathetic stimulation effect of heart
increases the rate of strength of contraction; dilates coronary vessels
parasympathetic stimulation effect of heart
decreases the rate and strength of contraction (conserving energy); promotes constriction of coronary vessels in relation to reduced demand
sympathetic stimulation effect of lungs
inhibits effect of parasympathetic system, resulting in bronchodilation and reduced secretion, allowing for maximum air exchange
parasympathetic stimulation effect of lungs
constricts bronchi (conserving energy) and promotes bronchial secretion
sympathetic stimulation effect of digestive tract
inhibits peristalsis, and constricts blood vessels to digestive tract so that blood is available to skeletal muscle; contracts internal anal sphincter to aid fecal continence
parasympathetic stimulation effect of digestive tract
promotes peristalsis and secretion of digestive juices
contracts the rectum, inhibits the internal anal sphincter to cause defecation
sympathetic stimulation effect of liver and gallbladder
promotes breakdown of glycogen to glucose (for increased energy)
parasympathetic stimulation effect of liver and gallbladder
promotes building/conservation of glycogen; increases secretion of bile
sympathetic stimulation effect of urinary tract
vasoconstriction of renal vessels slows urine formation; internal sphincter of bladder contracted to maintain urinary continence
parasympathetic stimulation effect of urinary tract
inhibits contraction of the internal sphincter of the bladder, contracts detrusor muscle of the bladder wall causing urination
sympathetic stimulation effect of genital system
causes ejaculation and vasoconstriction resulting in remission of erection
parasympathetic stimulation effect of genital system
produces engorgement (erection)of erectile tissues of the external genitals
sympathetic stimulation effect of suprarenal medulla
release of adrenaline into blood
parasympathetic stimulation effect of suprarenal medulla
no effect (does not innervate)
Frontal Lobe
controls executive functions like concentration, thinking, problem solving and judgement: motivation, emotions, muscle strength, and behavior
Parietal Lobe
controls feeling on the opposite side of the body, ability to understand spoken language, ability to express yourself with language, and processing sensory information such as texture, temperature, and position in space
Occipital Lobe
controls sight and processing information from the eyes, such as recognizing images
Temporal Lobe
controls processing feelings of pain and hunger, fight-or-flight stress response, short-term memory, emotion, understanding words and directions
Brainstem
controls heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, swallowing and digestion. May also affect the nerves that come directly from the brain, movement, and the function of any senses
Cerebellum
controls speech, balance and coordination of movement of the body; arms and legs
What does the Basilar artery supply?
Brainstem & Cerebellum
What does the vertebral artery supply?
Brain and spine
What does the posterior cerebral artery supply?
the occipital lobe, the inferior part of the temporal lobe, and various deep structures including the thalamus and the posterior limb of the internal capsule
What does the anterior inferior cerebral artery (AICA) supply?
Cerebellum and Pons
what does the anterior cerebral artery supply?
midline portions of the frontal lobes and superior medial parietal lobes of the brain
what does the posterior inferior cerebral artery (PICA) supply?
the medulla, the choroid plexus and tela choroidea of the fourth ventricle
what does the internal carotid artery supply?
Brain and eyes
internal carotid lesion
droopy eyelid, weakness or numbness on one side of the body, trouble understanding speech or speaking
anterior cerebral artery lesion
contralateral loss of sensation and motor control of lower extremities, behavioral changes, aphasia, and apraxia
anterior communicating artery lesion
causes visual symptoms
middle cerebral artery lesion
contralateral loss of sensation and motor control of face and upper extremities, and speech deficits
vertebral arteries lesion
loss of vision, double vision, vertigo, loss of coordination, dizziness, and confusion
Basilar artery lesion
quadriplegia
posterior cerebral artery lesion
acute vision loss, dizziness, memory loss, limb weakness, homonmyous hemianopia
posterior communicating artery lesion
headache, mild vision loss, double vision
caudate nucleus action
planning the execution of movement, but also in learning, memory, reward, motivation, emotion, and romantic interaction
left hemisphere roles
communicate, strategize and solve problems, memory, and analyze
right hemisphere roles
creativity, intuition, emotional response, imagination
putamen role
learning and motor control, including speech articulation, language functions, reward, cognitive functioning, and addiction
globus pallidus role
control conscious and proprioceptive movements
thalamus role
processing of sensory information
substantia nigra role
production of dopamine
internal capsule role
allows communication between areas of the cerebral cortex and areas of the brainstem
hippocampus role
long-term memory formation and memory retrieval
superior colliculus role
visual reflex center that allows eye movement, gaze shifts, and reactive reflexes like turning the head
inferior colliculus role
hearing and reacting to auditory input with non-auditory systems
mammillary bodies role
recollective memory
hypothalamus role
helps manage your body temperature, hunger and thirst, mood, sex drive, blood pressure and sleep
red nucleus role
motor control and in maintenance of muscle tone
pons role
handles unconscious processes and jobs, such as your sleep-wake cycle and breathing
occlusion of anterior inferior cellabellar artery (AICA)
ipsilateral CN 7 palsy, vertigo, nystagnus, loss of hearing, poor coordination, and balance. Contralateral loss of pain and temperature sensations
occlusion of posterior inferior cellabellar artery (PICA)
poor coordination and balance, CN X Palsy (trouble swallowing), Horners syndrome
