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Human Anatomy > The Brain and ANS > Flashcards

The Brain and ANS Flashcards

1
Q

Broca’s area function

A

motor programming of speech (usually in the left hemisphere only)

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2
Q

lesion of Broca’s area causes…

A

brocha’s aphasia (usually lesion in left hemisphere)

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3
Q

sympathetic stimulation effect of eyes (pupil, ciliary body)

A

dilates pupil (admits more light for increased acuity at a distance)

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4
Q

parasympathetic stimulation effect of eyes (pupil, ciliary body)

A

constricts pupil (protects pupil from excessively bright light)

contracts ciliary muscle, allowing lens to thicken for near vision (accommodation)

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5
Q

sympathetic stimulation effect of skin

A

causes hairs to stand on end (goosebumps), vasoconstricts, promotes sweating

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6
Q

parasympathetic stimulation effect of skin

A

No effect (does not reach)

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7
Q

sympathetic stimulation effect of other glands (lacrimal & salivary glands)

A

secretion decreases, becomes thicker, more viscous

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8
Q

parasympathetic stimulation effect of other glands (lacrimal & salivary glands)

A

promotes secretion, promotes abundant, watery secretion

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9
Q

sympathetic stimulation effect of heart

A

increases the rate of strength of contraction; dilates coronary vessels

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10
Q

parasympathetic stimulation effect of heart

A

decreases the rate and strength of contraction (conserving energy); promotes constriction of coronary vessels in relation to reduced demand

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11
Q

sympathetic stimulation effect of lungs

A

inhibits effect of parasympathetic system, resulting in bronchodilation and reduced secretion, allowing for maximum air exchange

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12
Q

parasympathetic stimulation effect of lungs

A

constricts bronchi (conserving energy) and promotes bronchial secretion

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13
Q

sympathetic stimulation effect of digestive tract

A

inhibits peristalsis, and constricts blood vessels to digestive tract so that blood is available to skeletal muscle; contracts internal anal sphincter to aid fecal continence

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14
Q

parasympathetic stimulation effect of digestive tract

A

promotes peristalsis and secretion of digestive juices

contracts the rectum, inhibits the internal anal sphincter to cause defecation

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15
Q

sympathetic stimulation effect of liver and gallbladder

A

promotes breakdown of glycogen to glucose (for increased energy)

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16
Q

parasympathetic stimulation effect of liver and gallbladder

A

promotes building/conservation of glycogen; increases secretion of bile

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17
Q

sympathetic stimulation effect of urinary tract

A

vasoconstriction of renal vessels slows urine formation; internal sphincter of bladder contracted to maintain urinary continence

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18
Q

parasympathetic stimulation effect of urinary tract

A

inhibits contraction of the internal sphincter of the bladder, contracts detrusor muscle of the bladder wall causing urination

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19
Q

sympathetic stimulation effect of genital system

A

causes ejaculation and vasoconstriction resulting in remission of erection

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20
Q

parasympathetic stimulation effect of genital system

A

produces engorgement (erection)of erectile tissues of the external genitals

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21
Q

sympathetic stimulation effect of suprarenal medulla

A

release of adrenaline into blood

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22
Q

parasympathetic stimulation effect of suprarenal medulla

A

no effect (does not innervate)

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23
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

controls executive functions like concentration, thinking, problem solving and judgement: motivation, emotions, muscle strength, and behavior

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24
Q

Parietal Lobe

A

controls feeling on the opposite side of the body, ability to understand spoken language, ability to express yourself with language, and processing sensory information such as texture, temperature, and position in space

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25
Q

Occipital Lobe

A

controls sight and processing information from the eyes, such as recognizing images

26
Q

Temporal Lobe

A

controls processing feelings of pain and hunger, fight-or-flight stress response, short-term memory, emotion, understanding words and directions

27
Q

Brainstem

A

controls heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, swallowing and digestion. May also affect the nerves that come directly from the brain, movement, and the function of any senses

28
Q

Cerebellum

A

controls speech, balance and coordination of movement of the body; arms and legs

29
Q

What does the Basilar artery supply?

A

Brainstem & Cerebellum

30
Q

What does the vertebral artery supply?

A

Brain and spine

31
Q

What does the posterior cerebral artery supply?

A

the occipital lobe, the inferior part of the temporal lobe, and various deep structures including the thalamus and the posterior limb of the internal capsule

32
Q

What does the anterior inferior cerebral artery (AICA) supply?

A

Cerebellum and Pons

33
Q

what does the anterior cerebral artery supply?

A

midline portions of the frontal lobes and superior medial parietal lobes of the brain

34
Q

what does the posterior inferior cerebral artery (PICA) supply?

A

the medulla, the choroid plexus and tela choroidea of the fourth ventricle

35
Q

what does the internal carotid artery supply?

A

Brain and eyes

36
Q

internal carotid lesion

A

droopy eyelid, weakness or numbness on one side of the body, trouble understanding speech or speaking

37
Q

anterior cerebral artery lesion

A

contralateral loss of sensation and motor control of lower extremities, behavioral changes, aphasia, and apraxia

38
Q

anterior communicating artery lesion

A

causes visual symptoms

39
Q

middle cerebral artery lesion

A

contralateral loss of sensation and motor control of face and upper extremities, and speech deficits

40
Q

vertebral arteries lesion

A

loss of vision, double vision, vertigo, loss of coordination, dizziness, and confusion

41
Q

Basilar artery lesion

A

quadriplegia

42
Q

posterior cerebral artery lesion

A

acute vision loss, dizziness, memory loss, limb weakness, homonmyous hemianopia

43
Q

posterior communicating artery lesion

A

headache, mild vision loss, double vision

44
Q

caudate nucleus action

A

planning the execution of movement, but also in learning, memory, reward, motivation, emotion, and romantic interaction

45
Q

left hemisphere roles

A

communicate, strategize and solve problems, memory, and analyze

46
Q

right hemisphere roles

A

creativity, intuition, emotional response, imagination

47
Q

putamen role

A

learning and motor control, including speech articulation, language functions, reward, cognitive functioning, and addiction

48
Q

globus pallidus role

A

control conscious and proprioceptive movements

49
Q

thalamus role

A

processing of sensory information

50
Q

substantia nigra role

A

production of dopamine

51
Q

internal capsule role

A

allows communication between areas of the cerebral cortex and areas of the brainstem

52
Q

hippocampus role

A

long-term memory formation and memory retrieval

53
Q

superior colliculus role

A

visual reflex center that allows eye movement, gaze shifts, and reactive reflexes like turning the head

54
Q

inferior colliculus role

A

hearing and reacting to auditory input with non-auditory systems

55
Q

mammillary bodies role

A

recollective memory

56
Q

hypothalamus role

A

helps manage your body temperature, hunger and thirst, mood, sex drive, blood pressure and sleep

57
Q

red nucleus role

A

motor control and in maintenance of muscle tone

58
Q

pons role

A

handles unconscious processes and jobs, such as your sleep-wake cycle and breathing

59
Q

occlusion of anterior inferior cellabellar artery (AICA)

A

ipsilateral CN 7 palsy, vertigo, nystagnus, loss of hearing, poor coordination, and balance. Contralateral loss of pain and temperature sensations

60
Q

occlusion of posterior inferior cellabellar artery (PICA)

A

poor coordination and balance, CN X Palsy (trouble swallowing), Horners syndrome

Human Anatomy (16 decks)

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