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Human Anatomy > Pelvis and Lower Extremity Muscles > Flashcards

Pelvis and Lower Extremity Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

obturator internus origin

A

Pelvic surfaces of the ilium and ischium; obturator membrane

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2
Q

obturator internus insertion

A

greater trochanter of the femur

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3
Q

obturator internus innervation

A

nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1, S2)

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4
Q

obturator internus action

A

external rotation of thigh; assists in holding the head of the femur in acetabulum

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5
Q

piriformis origin

A

pelvic surface of the sacrum

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6
Q

piriformis insertion

A

greater trochanter of the femur

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7
Q

piriformis innervation

A

Nerve to Piriformis (S1-S2)

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8
Q

piriformis action

A

external rotation; abducts the thigh; assists in holding the head of the femur in acetabulum

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9
Q

Coccygeus origin

A

ischial spine

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10
Q

coccygeus insertion

A

inferior end of the sacrum and superior region of coccyx

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11
Q

coccygeus innervation

A

branches of S4 and S5 spinal nerves

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12
Q

coccygeus action

A

forms small part of pelvic diaphragm that supports pelvic viscera; flexes coccyx

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13
Q

Levator ani origin

A

body of pubis; tendinous arch of obturator fascia; ischial spine

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14
Q

levator ani insertion

A

Perineal body; coccyx; anococcygeal ligament; walls of the prostate or vagina, rectum, and anal canal

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15
Q

levator ani innervation

A

Nerve to levator ani (branches of S4), inferior anal (rectal) nerve, and coccygeal plexus

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16
Q

levator ani action

A

Forms most of pelvic diaphragm that helps support pelvic viscera and resists increases in
intra-abdominal pressure

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17
Q

Psoas major origin

A

Transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae; sides of bodies of T12-L5 vertebrae and intervening intervertebral discs

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18
Q

psoas major insertion

A

lesser trochanter of femur

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19
Q

psoas major innervation

A

Femoral nerve (L2-L3)

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20
Q

psoas major action

A

Acting inferiorly with iliacus, it flexes the thigh; acting superiorly, it flexes the vertebral column laterally; it is used to balance the trunk; when sitting, it acts inferiorly with the iliacus to flex the trunk

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21
Q

Iliacus origin

A

iliac fossa and crest; the ala of the sacrum

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22
Q

Iliacus insertion

A

lesser trochanter of femur and shaft inferior to it and to psoas major tendon

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23
Q

Iliacus innervation

A

femoral nerve (L2-L4)

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24
Q

Iliacus action

A

flexes thigh and stabilizes hip joint; acts with psoas major

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25
Q

Quadratus Lumborum origin

A

medial half of inferior border of 12th ribs and tips of lumbar transverse processes

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26
Q

quadratus lumborum insertion

A

iliolumbar ligament and internal lip of iliac crest

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27
Q

quadratus lumborum innervation

A

anterior branches of T12 and L1-L4 nerves

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28
Q

quadratus lumborum action

A

extends and laterally flexes vertebral column; fixes 12th rib during inspiration

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29
Q

Pectineus origin

A

superior ramus of pubis

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30
Q

pectineus insertion

A

pectineal line of femur, just inferior to lesser trochanter

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31
Q

pectineus innervation

A

femoral nerve (L2, L3); may receive a branch from obturator nerve

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32
Q

pectineus action

A

adducts and flexes thigh; assists with medial rotation of thigh

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33
Q

psoas minor origin

A

sides of T12-L1 vertebrae and intervertebral discs

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34
Q

psoas minor insertion

A

pectineal line and iliopubic eminence via iliopectineal arch

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35
Q

psoas minor innervation

A

Femoral nerve (L2-L3)

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36
Q

psoas minor action

A

Act conjointly in flexing thigh at hip joint and in stabilizing this joint

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37
Q

Sartorius origin

A

anterior superior iliac spine and superior part of notch inferior to it

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38
Q

Sartorius insertion

A

superior part of medial surface of tibia

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39
Q

Sartorius innervation

A

femoral nerve (L2, L3)

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40
Q

sartorius action

A

Flexes, abducts, and externally rotates thigh at hip joint; flexes leg at knee joint, (medially rotating leg when knee is flexed)

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41
Q

rectus femoris origin

A

Anterior inferior iliac spine and ilium superior to acetabulum

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42
Q

rectus femoris insertion

A

base of the patella and to tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament

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43
Q

rectus femoris innervation

A

femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)

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44
Q

rectus femoris action

A

extend leg at knee joint; rectus femoris also steadies hip joint and helps iliopsoas flex thigh

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45
Q

vastus lateralis origin

A

greater trochanter and lateral lip of linea aspera of femur

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46
Q

vastus lateralis insertion

A

base of the patella and to tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament

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47
Q

vastus lateralis innervation

A

femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)

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48
Q

vastus lateralis action

A

extend leg at knee joint

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49
Q

vastus medialis origin

A

intertrochanteric line and medial lip of linea aspera of femur

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50
Q

vastus medialis insertion

A

the patella and the tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament

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51
Q

vastus medialis innervation

A

femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)

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52
Q

vastus medialis action

A

extend leg at knee joint

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53
Q

vastus intermedius origin

A

anterior and lateral surfaces of shaft of femur

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54
Q

vastus intermedius insertion

A

base of the patella and to tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament

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55
Q

vastus intermedius innervation

A

femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)

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56
Q

vastus intermedius action

A

extend leg at knee joint

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57
Q

adductor longus origin

A

medial part of the superior ramus of the pubis

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58
Q

adductor longus insertion

A

middle third of linea aspera of femur

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59
Q

adductor longus innervation

A

obturator nerve and branch of anterior division (L2, L3, L4)

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60
Q

adductor longus action

A

adducts thigh

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61
Q

adductor brevis origin

A

body and inferior ramus of pubis

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62
Q

adductor brevis insertion

A

pectineal line and proximal part of linea aspera of femur

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63
Q

adductor brevis innervation

A

obturator nerve and branch of anterior division (L2, L3, L4)

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64
Q

adductor brevis action

A

adducts thigh; to some extent flexes it

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65
Q

adductor Magnus (adductor part) origin

A

inferior ramus of pubis and ramus of ischium, ischial tuberosity

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66
Q

adductor Magnus (adductor part) insertion

A

medial lip of linea aspera and the adductor tubercle of the femur

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67
Q

adductor magnus (adductor part) innervation

A

obturator nerve (L2, L3, L4) and branches of posterior division

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68
Q

adductor magnus (adductor part) action

A

adducts thigh; adductor part flexes thigh

69
Q

adductor Magnus (hamstring part) origin

A

ischial tuberosity

70
Q

adductor Magnus (hamstring part) insertion

A

adductor tubercle of femur

71
Q

adductor Magnus (hamstring part) innervation

A

tibial part of sciatic nerve (L4)

72
Q

adductor Magnus (hamstring part) action

A

adducts thigh; hamstring part extends thigh

73
Q

gracilis origin

A

body and inferior ramus of pubis

74
Q

gracilis insertion

A

superior part of medial surface of tibia

75
Q

gracilis innervation

A

obturator nerve (L2, L3)

76
Q

gracilis action

A

adducts thigh; flexes leg; internal rotation

77
Q

obturator externus origin

A

margins of obturator foramen and obturator membrane

78
Q

obturator externus insertion

A

trochanteric fossa of femur

79
Q

obturator externus innervation

A

obturator nerve (L3, L4)

80
Q

obturator externus action

A

external rotation of thigh; steadies head of femur in acetabulum

81
Q

gluteus maximus origin

A

Ilium posterior to posterior gluteal line; dorsal surface of sacrum and coccyx; sacrotuberous ligament

82
Q

gluteus maximus insertion

A

upper fibers: the posterior part of the iliotibial tract and the fasciae latae muscles

lower fibers: the gluteal tuberosity of the proximal femur

83
Q

gluteus maximus innervation

A

inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2)

84
Q

gluteus maximus action

A

Extends thigh (especially from flexed position) and assists in its external rotation; steadies thigh and assists in rising from sitting position

85
Q

gluteus medius origin

A

External surface of ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines

86
Q

gluteus medius insertion

A

lateral surface of greater trochanter of femur

87
Q

gluteus medius innervation

A

superior gluteal nerve (L5, S1)

88
Q

gluteus medius action

A

Abduct and medially rotate thigh; keep pelvis level when ipsilateral limb is weight bearing and advance opposite (unsupported side
during its swing phase

89
Q

gluteus minimus origin

A

External surface of ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines

90
Q

gluteus minimus insertion

A

anterior surface of greater trochanter of femur

91
Q

gluteus minimus innervation

A

superior gluteal nerve (L5, S1)

92
Q

gluteus minimus action

A

Abduct and medially rotate thigh; keep pelvis level when ipsilateral limb is weight bearing and advance opposite (unsupported side
during its swing phase

93
Q

tensor fasciae latae origin

A

anterior superior iliac spine; anterior part of iliac crest

94
Q

tensor fasciae latae insertion

A

iliotibial tract

95
Q

tensor fasciae latae innervation

A

superior gluteal nerve (L5, S1)

96
Q

tensor fasciae latae action

A

abduction, flexion, and internal rotation at the hip joint

97
Q

superior and inferior gemelli origin

A

Superior: Ischial spine
Inferior: ischial tuberosity

98
Q

superior and inferior gemelli insertion

A

medial surface of greater trochanter (trochanteric fossa) of femur

99
Q

superior and inferior gemelli innervation

A

Superior gemellus: Nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1)

Inferior gemellus: Nerve to quadratus femoris (L5, S1)

100
Q

Superior and inferior gemelli action

A

externally rotate extended thigh and abduct flexed thigh; steady femoral head in acetabulum

101
Q

quadratus femoris origin

A

lateral border of ischial tuberosity

102
Q

quadratus femoris insertion

A

quadrate tubercle on intertrochanteric crest of femur and area inferior to it

103
Q

quadratus femoris innervation

A

nerve to quadratus femoris (L5, S1)

104
Q

quadratus femoris action

A

laterally rotates thigh; steadies femoral head in acetabulum

105
Q

semitendinosus origin

A

Ischial tuberosity

106
Q

semitendinosus insertion

A

medial surface of tibial tuberosity

107
Q

semitendinosus innervation

A

tibial division of sciatic nerve part of tibia (L5, S1, S2)

108
Q

semitendinosus action

A

Extend thigh; flex leg and rotate it medially when knee is flexed. When thigh and leg are flexed, these muscles can extend trunk.

109
Q

semimembranosus origin

A

ischial tuberosity

110
Q

semimembranosus insertion

A

medial tibial condyle, the oblique popliteal ligament, the popliteal fascia

111
Q

semimembranosus innervation

A

tibial division of sciatic nerve part of tibia (L5, S1, S2)

112
Q

semimembranosus action

A

Extend thigh; flex leg and rotate it internally when knee is flexed. When thigh and leg are flexed, these muscles can extend trunk.

113
Q

biceps femoris origin

A

Long head: ischial tuberosity

Short head: linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line of femur

114
Q

biceps femoris insertion

A

Lateral side of head of fibula

115
Q

biceps femoris innervation

A

Long head: tibial nerve (L5-S2)

Short head: common fibular nerve (L5-S2)

116
Q

biceps femoris action

A

Flexes leg and rotates it externally when knee is flexed; extends thigh (e.g., accelerating mass during first step of gait)

117
Q

Tibialis anterior origin

A

lateral condyle and superior half of lateral surface of tibia and interosseous membrane

118
Q

tibialis anterior insertion

A

medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal

119
Q

tibialis anterior innervation

A

deep fibular nerve (L4, L5)

120
Q

tibialis anterior action

A

dorsiflexes ankle and inverts foot

121
Q

extensor digitorum longus origin

A

Lateral condyle of tibia and superior three quarters of medial surface of fibula and interosseous membrane

122
Q

extensor digitorum longus insertion

A

middle and distal phalanges of lateral four digits

123
Q

extensor digitorum longus innervation

A

deep fibular nerve (L4, L5)

124
Q

extensor digitorum longus action

A

extends lateral four digits and dorsiflexes ankle

125
Q

extensor hallucis longus origin

A

middle part of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane

126
Q

extensor hallucis longus insertion

A

dorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx of great toe (hallux)

127
Q

extensor hallucis longus innervation

A

deep fibular nerve (L4, L5)

128
Q

extensor hallucis longus action

A

extends great toe and dorsiflexes ankle

129
Q

Fibularis tertius origin

A

Inferior third of anterior surface of
fibula and interosseous membrane

130
Q

Fibularis tertius insertion

A

dorsum of base of 5th metatarsal

131
Q

Fibularis tertius innervation

A

deep fibular nerve (L4, L5)

132
Q

Fibularis tertius action

A

dorsiflexes ankle and aids in eversion of foot

133
Q

fibularis longus origin

A

head and superior two thirds of lateral surface of fibula

134
Q

fibularis longus insertion

A

base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform

135
Q

fibularis longus innervation

A

Superficial fibular nerve (L5, S1, S2)

136
Q

fibularis longus action

A

everts foot and weakly plantarflexes ankle

137
Q

fibularis brevis origin

A

inferior two thirds of lateral surface of fibula

138
Q

fibularis brevis insertion

A

dorsal surface of tuberosity on lateral side of base of 5th metatarsal

139
Q

fibularis brevis innervation

A

Superficial fibular nerve (L5, S1, S2)

140
Q

fibularis brevis action

A

everts foot and weakly plantarflexes ankle

141
Q

Gastrocnemius origin

A

lateral head: lateral aspect of lateral condyle of femur

Medial head: popliteal surface of femur; superior to medial condyle

142
Q

Gastrocnemius insertion

A

posterior surface of calcaneus via calcanea tendon

143
Q

gastrocnemius innervation

A

tibial nerve (S1, S2)

144
Q

gastrocnemius action

A

Plantarflexes ankle when the knee is extended; raises heel during walking; flexes leg at knee joint

145
Q

soleus origin

A

posterior surface of the proximal fibula and the soleal line of the tibia

146
Q

soleus insertion

A

posterior surface of calcaneus via calcanea tendon

147
Q

soleus innervation

A

tibial nerve (S1, S2)

148
Q

soleus action

A

plantarflexes ankle independent of position of knee; steadies leg on foot

149
Q

plantaris origin

A

Inferior end of lateral supracondylar line of femur; oblique popliteal ligament

150
Q

plantaris insertion

A

posterior surface of calcaneus via calcanea tendon

151
Q

plantaris innervation

A

tibial nerve (S1, S2)

152
Q

plantaris action

A

flexion of the knee and plantar flexion of the foot

153
Q

Popliteus origin

A

lateral condyle of femur and lateral meniscus

154
Q

popliteus insertion

A

posterior surface of tibia and superior to soleal line

155
Q

popliteus innervation

A

tibial nerve (L4, L5, S1)

156
Q

popliteus action

A

weakly flexes knee and unlocks it by rotating femur on fixed tibia

157
Q

flexor hallucis longus origin

A

Inferior 2/3 of posterior surface of fibula; inferior part of interosseous membrane

158
Q

flexor hallucis longus insertion

A

base of distal phalanx of great toe (hallux)

159
Q

flexor hallucis longus innervation

A

Tibial nerve (S2, S3)

160
Q

flexor hallucis longus action

A

Flexes great toe at all joints; weakly plantarflexes ankle, supports medial longitudinal arch of foot

161
Q

flexor digitorum longus origin

A

middle third of the posterior surface of the tibia

162
Q

flexor digitorum longus insertion

A

bases of distal phalanges of lateral 4 digits

163
Q

flexor digitorum longus innervation

A

tibial nerve (S2, S3)

164
Q

flexor digitorum longus action

A

flexes lateral four digits, plantarflexes ankle, supports longitudinal arches of foot

165
Q

tibialis posterior origin

A

Interosseous membrane; posterior surface of tibia inferior to soleal line; posterior surface of fibula

166
Q

tibialis posterior insertion

A

Tuberosity of navicular, medial cuneiform, cuboid, and sustentaculum tali of calcaneus; bases of 2nd, 3rd, and 4th metatarsals

167
Q

tibialis posterior innervation

A

tibial nerve (L4, L5)

168
Q

tibialis posterior action

A

plantarflexes ankle, inverts foot

Human Anatomy (16 decks)

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