Range of Motion - Soft tissue restriction Flashcards
Hip flexion (knee extended) taut tissue
Hamstrings
Hip flexion (knee flexed) taut tissue
posterior and inferior capsule; gluteus maximus
hip extension (knee extended) taut tissue
Primarily iliofemoral ligament, anterior capsule, some fibers of the pubofemoral and ischiofemoral ligaments; iliopsoas
hip extension (knee flexed) taut tissue
rectus femoris
Abduction taut tissue
pubofemoral ligamen; adductor muscles
Adduction taut tissue
iliotibial band; abductor muscles such as tensor fasciae later and gluteus medius
Internal rotation taut tissue
ischiofemoral ligament; external rotator muscles, such as the piriformis and gluteus maximus
external rotation taut tissue
iliofemoral and pubofemoral ligaments; internal rotator muscles, such as the tensor fasciae latae and gluteus minimus
Medial Collateral ligament function
- Resists valgus
- Resists knee extension
- Resists extremes of axial rotation (especially knee external rotation)
Medial Collateral ligament common mechanisms of injury
- Valgus-producing force with foot planted
- Severe hyperextension of the knee
Lateral collateral ligament function
- Resists varus
- Resists knee extension
- Resists extremes of axial rotation
Lateral collateral ligament common mechanisms of injury
- Varus-producing force with foot planted
- severe hyperextension of the knee
Posterior capsule function
- Resists knee extension
- Oblique popliteal ligament resists knee external rotation
- Posterior-lateral capsule resists varus
Posterior capsule common mechanisms of injury
- Hyperextension or combined hyperextension with external rotation of the knee
Anterior cruciate ligament function
- Most fibers resist extension (either excessive anterior translation of the tibia, posterior translation of the femur, or a combination thereof)
- Resists extremes of varus, valgus, and axial rotation
Anterior cruciate ligament common mechanism of injury
- Large valgus-producing force with the foot firmly planted
- Large axial rotation torque applied to the knee (in either rotation direction), with the foot firmly planted
- Any combination of the above, especially involving strong quadriceps contraction with the knee in full or near-full extension 4. Severe hyperextension of the knee
Posterior Cruciate ligament function
- Most fibers resist knee flexion (either excessive posterior translation of the tibia or anterior translation of the femur, or a combination thereof)
- Resists extremes of varus, valgus, and axial rotation
Posterior Cruciate ligament common mechanism of injury
- Falling on a fully flexed knee (with ankle fully plantar flexed) such that the proximal tibia first strikes the ground
- Any event that causes a forceful posterior translation of the tibia (i.e., “dashboard” injury) or anterior translation of the femur, especially while the knee is flexed
- Large axial rotation or valgus-varus applied torque to the knee with the foot firmly planted, especially while the knee is flexed
- Severe hyperextension of the knee causing a large gapping of the posterior side of the joint
Calcaneofibular ligament
limits excessive inversion
tibiocalcaneal fibers of the deltoid ligament
limits excessive eversion
interosseous (talocalcaneal) cervical
both ligaments bind the talus with the calcaneus; limit the extremes of all motions, especially inversion
Actions Associated with Exaggerated Pronation of Subtalar Joint (hip)
internal rotation, flexion, and adduction
Actions Associated with Exaggerated Pronation of Subtalar Joint (knee)
increased valgus stress
Actions Associated with Exaggerated Pronation of Subtalar Joint (rearfoot)
pronation (eversion) with lowering of medial longitudinal arch
Actions Associated with Exaggerated Pronation of Subtalar Joint (midfoot and forefoot)
supination (inversion)
