The Brain

Question 1

List the 4 regions of the brain

Answer 1

Brain stem, cerebellum, cerebrum, diencephalon

Question 2

Name 3 ways the brain is protected

Answer 2

Cranium
Meninges
cerebrospinal fluid

Question 3

What is the main function of the CSF

Answer 3

Shock absorber

Question 4

What are the 3 layers of the Meninges called, from outer to inner

Answer 4

Dura mater, arachnoid mater, piano mater

Question 5

What is the dura mater attached to

Answer 5

The periosteum of the cranium

Question 6

What is in the subarachnoid space?

Answer 6

CSF

Question 7

What are the sinuses in the brain

Answer 7

Areas where the dura mater folds over the different hemispheres of the brain, leaving the cranium and creating spaces

Question 8

What are the 3 folds of the dura mater?

Answer 8

Falx cerebri (between 2 cerebral hemispheres) falx cerebelli (between 2 cerebellar hemispheres) tentorium cerebelli (between cerebrum and cerebellum)

Question 9

What are the 2 spaces in the cranial Meninges called

Answer 9

Subdural space, subarachnoid space

Question 10

List 6 functions of the CSF

Answer 10

Cushion
Nutrition for brain
Excretion of metabolic waste products
Intracerebral transport medium
Controls chemical environment
Regulates intracranial pressure

Question 11

Name the 4 ventricles in the brain

Answer 11

2 lateral ventricles, 3rd and 4th ventricles

Question 12

Where is CSF formed in the brain

Answer 12

Choroid plexus

Question 13

What are the functions of the ventricles in the brain

Answer 13

Factories for forming csf - constantly filter and reabsorb csf so that intracranial pressure remains constant

Question 14

How is csf reabsorbed back into thr brain

Answer 14

Through the arachnoid villi

Question 15

What are key signs of infection in the CSF

Answer 15

Cloudy (turbid) and high quantity of white blood cells

Question 16

What is Bleeding in the subdural space called

Answer 16

Subdural haemorrhage - blood in space between dura and arachnoid

Question 17

What is an extradural haemorrhage

Answer 17

Blood accumulating between the skull and dura mater

Question 18

What are the 4 regions of the brain

Answer 18

Cerebrum, cerebellum, diencephalon, brain stem

Question 19

What are the 3 parts of the brain stem?

Answer 19

Midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata

Question 20

Which 3 cranial nerves are responsible for eye movements?

Answer 20

2, 3, 4, 6

Question 21

What does cranial nerves 1 do

Answer 21

Smell

Question 22

Which 2 cranial nerves are responsible for taste?

Answer 22

7 and 9

Question 23

What does the vagus nerve control

Answer 23

Digestion, slowing heart rate, defecation

Question 24

Which cranial nerves is responsible for hearing and balance

Answer 24

8

Question 25

What cranial nerves does the midbrain control

Answer 25

3 and 4 - eye movements

Question 26

Which cranial nerves does the pons control

Answer 26

5,6,7,8

Question 27

Which cranial nerves does the medulla oblongata control

Answer 27

9,10,11,12

Question 28

List 4 functions of the midbrain

Answer 28

Work with basal ganglia sn cerebellum to coordinate muscular movements Origin for cranial nerves 3 and 4 Reflects for eyes, head and neck Reflexes for movement of head and trunk in response to sounds

Question 29

Which neurotransmitter is released through the midbrajn

Answer 29

Dopamine

Question 30

Which part or the midbrain creates dopamine

Answer 30

Substantia nigra

Question 31

List 3 functions of the pons

Answer 31

Bridge between spinal cord and brain Cranial nerves 5-8 (face sensations and movement, hearing from, balance, taste, tears and saliva) Control of respiration

Question 32

Which 3 centres are in the medulla oblongata

Answer 32

Cardiac, respiratory and vasomotor (functions of heart rate,breathing and blood presure)

Question 33

Which cranial nerves are from the medulla oblongata

Answer 33

9,10,11,12 - taste, vagus, neck movements

Question 34

What is decussation

Answer 34

The long axons of neurons cross over after the medulla oblongata so that the neurons affect the opposite side of the body to where the cell body is located

Question 35

What is the main function of the cerebellum

Answer 35

Provides smooth,coordinated body movements

Question 36

What are proprioceptors

Answer 36

Sensory receptors which receive stimuli related to position and movements

Question 37

What is cerebellar ataxia

Answer 37

Damage to the cerebellum resulting in loss of equilibrium, irregular walking gait and tremors

Question 38

List 3 main parts of the diencephalon

Answer 38

Thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus

Question 39

What's the function of the epithalamus

Answer 39

Above thalamus, contains pineal gland and choroid plexus (creation of csf)

Question 40

What's the main function of the thalamas (6)

Answer 40

Relay station for sensory impulses to cerebral cortex - all senses, pain, temperature and pressure, voluntary motor actions and arousal, emotion,memory, cognition

Question 41

What's the main function of the hypothalamus

Answer 41

Homeostasis Monitors osmotic pressure, hormone concentrations and blood temperature Controls ANS - controls smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands