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Structure and Function > The Brain > Flashcards

The Brain Flashcards

1
Q

List the 4 regions of the brain

A

Brain stem, cerebellum, cerebrum, diencephalon

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2
Q

Name 3 ways the brain is protected

A

Cranium
Meninges
cerebrospinal fluid

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3
Q

What is the main function of the CSF

A

Shock absorber

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4
Q

What are the 3 layers of the Meninges called, from outer to inner

A

Dura mater, arachnoid mater, piano mater

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5
Q

What is the dura mater attached to

A

The periosteum of the cranium

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6
Q

What is in the subarachnoid space?

A

CSF

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7
Q

What are the sinuses in the brain

A

Areas where the dura mater folds over the different hemispheres of the brain, leaving the cranium and creating spaces

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8
Q

What are the 3 folds of the dura mater?

A

Falx cerebri (between 2 cerebral hemispheres) falx cerebelli (between 2 cerebellar hemispheres) tentorium cerebelli (between cerebrum and cerebellum)

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9
Q

What are the 2 spaces in the cranial Meninges called

A

Subdural space, subarachnoid space

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10
Q

List 6 functions of the CSF

A

Cushion
Nutrition for brain
Excretion of metabolic waste products
Intracerebral transport medium
Controls chemical environment
Regulates intracranial pressure

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11
Q

Name the 4 ventricles in the brain

A

2 lateral ventricles, 3rd and 4th ventricles

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12
Q

Where is CSF formed in the brain

A

Choroid plexus

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13
Q

What are the functions of the ventricles in the brain

A

Factories for forming csf - constantly filter and reabsorb csf so that intracranial pressure remains constant

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14
Q

How is csf reabsorbed back into thr brain

A

Through the arachnoid villi

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15
Q

What are key signs of infection in the CSF

A

Cloudy (turbid) and high quantity of white blood cells

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16
Q

What is Bleeding in the subdural space called

A

Subdural haemorrhage - blood in space between dura and arachnoid

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17
Q

What is an extradural haemorrhage

A

Blood accumulating between the skull and dura mater

18
Q

What are the 4 regions of the brain

A

Cerebrum, cerebellum, diencephalon, brain stem

19
Q

What are the 3 parts of the brain stem?

A

Midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata

20
Q

Which 3 cranial nerves are responsible for eye movements?

A

2, 3, 4, 6

21
Q

What does cranial nerves 1 do

A

Smell

22
Q

Which 2 cranial nerves are responsible for taste?

A

7 and 9

23
Q

What does the vagus nerve control

A

Digestion, slowing heart rate, defecation

24
Q

Which cranial nerves is responsible for hearing and balance

A

8

25
Q

What cranial nerves does the midbrain control

A

3 and 4 - eye movements

26
Q

Which cranial nerves does the pons control

A

5,6,7,8

27
Q

Which cranial nerves does the medulla oblongata control

A

9,10,11,12

28
Q

List 4 functions of the midbrain

A

Work with basal ganglia sn cerebellum to coordinate muscular movements
Origin for cranial nerves 3 and 4
Reflects for eyes, head and neck
Reflexes for movement of head and trunk in response to sounds

29
Q

Which neurotransmitter is released through the midbrajn

A

Dopamine

30
Q

Which part or the midbrain creates dopamine

A

Substantia nigra

31
Q

List 3 functions of the pons

A

Bridge between spinal cord and brain
Cranial nerves 5-8 (face sensations and movement, hearing from, balance, taste, tears and saliva)
Control of respiration

32
Q

Which 3 centres are in the medulla oblongata

A

Cardiac, respiratory and vasomotor (functions of heart rate,breathing and blood presure)

33
Q

Which cranial nerves are from the medulla oblongata

A

9,10,11,12 - taste, vagus, neck movements

34
Q

What is decussation

A

The long axons of neurons cross over after the medulla oblongata so that the neurons affect the opposite side of the body to where the cell body is located

35
Q

What is the main function of the cerebellum

A

Provides smooth,coordinated body movements

36
Q

What are proprioceptors

A

Sensory receptors which receive stimuli related to position and movements

37
Q

What is cerebellar ataxia

A

Damage to the cerebellum resulting in loss of equilibrium, irregular walking gait and tremors

38
Q

List 3 main parts of the diencephalon

A

Thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus

39
Q

What’s the function of the epithalamus

A

Above thalamus, contains pineal gland and choroid plexus (creation of csf)

40
Q

What’s the main function of the thalamas (6)

A

Relay station for sensory impulses to cerebral cortex - all senses, pain, temperature and pressure, voluntary motor actions and arousal, emotion,memory, cognition

41
Q

What’s the main function of the hypothalamus

A

Homeostasis
Monitors osmotic pressure, hormone concentrations and blood temperature
Controls ANS - controls smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands

Structure and Function (18 decks)

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