Cardiovascular system Flashcards
Which blood vessels carry oxygenated blood around the body?
Arteries
Which blood vessels carry deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart
Veins
How does blood transfer from veins to arteries and vice versa?
Capillary network
Describe the structure of a capillary
A membrane covering a single layer of endothelium - which is very thin to allow nutrients, oxygen in and CO2 and waste out through diffusion
What is the space in the thorax where the heart sits called
Mediastinum
Where is the mediastimun?
Sits on top of the diaphragm, in the midline of the chest but rotated to the left
Where exactly is the heart?
Sits on the mid-clavicular line, on top of the 5th intercostal space
What are the 3 layers of the wall of the heart? From outer to inner
Pericardium
Myocardium
Endocardium
What are the 4 Chambers of the heart
Left atrium, right atrium, left ventricle, right ventricle
Which atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body and which blood vessel delivers into it?
Right atrium, superior and inferior vena cava
What is the valve which separates the right atrium from right ventricle?
Tricuspid valve
What is the name of the blood vessel which carries deoxygenated blood from the right atrium and where does it take it?
Pulmonary arteries (starts as one and branches off to right and left lungs) (the ONLY artery which carried deox blood) through to the lungs
What’s the name of the valve which separates the right atrium from the pulmonary artery?
Pulmonary valve
What is the blood vessel which flows into the left atrium?
Pulmonary vein (filled with oxygenated blood straight from the lungs)
What’s the valve which separates the left atrium and ventricle
Mitral valve (bicuspid valve)
Which blood vessel carries blood from the left ventricle and where does it go?
Aorta - oxygenated blood to the rest of the body
What’s the name of the valve which separates the left ventricle and aorta?
Aortic valve
What is the SA node and where is it.
Sino atrial node, right atrium wall - sends electrical impulses to the AV node and the left atrium- the conductor of the heartbeat orchestra
What happens after the electrical Impulse leaves the SA node?
The Impulse travels through atria to AV (atrioventricular) node which sits at the junction between atrium and ventricle (so it affects both sides of the heart) and forwards the electrical impulses to both ventricles
Describe the journey of the Impulse after it leaves the AV node
Sent through atrioventricular bundles (BUNDLE OF his) in the wall between both ventricles, separates out into right and left bundles and travels down through the inferior ventricular walls through the purkinje fibres
What happens during diastole?
The ventricles fill as the heart is relaxing after its contraction
What happens during systolic?
The heart contracts to pump the blood out of the full ventricles
Which valves are open during diastole?
Tricuspid valve (between R atrium and ventricle) and mitral valve (between l atrium and ventricle)
What valves are open during systole
Pulmonary valve (r ventricle to pulmonary artery) and aortic valve (l ventricle to aorta)
