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Structure and Function > Cardiovascular system > Flashcards

Cardiovascular system Flashcards

1
Q

Which blood vessels carry oxygenated blood around the body?

A

Arteries

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2
Q

Which blood vessels carry deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart

A

Veins

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3
Q

How does blood transfer from veins to arteries and vice versa?

A

Capillary network

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4
Q

Describe the structure of a capillary

A

A membrane covering a single layer of endothelium - which is very thin to allow nutrients, oxygen in and CO2 and waste out through diffusion

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5
Q

What is the space in the thorax where the heart sits called

A

Mediastinum

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6
Q

Where is the mediastimun?

A

Sits on top of the diaphragm, in the midline of the chest but rotated to the left

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7
Q

Where exactly is the heart?

A

Sits on the mid-clavicular line, on top of the 5th intercostal space

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8
Q

What are the 3 layers of the wall of the heart? From outer to inner

A

Pericardium
Myocardium
Endocardium

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9
Q

What are the 4 Chambers of the heart

A

Left atrium, right atrium, left ventricle, right ventricle

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10
Q

Which atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body and which blood vessel delivers into it?

A

Right atrium, superior and inferior vena cava

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11
Q

What is the valve which separates the right atrium from right ventricle?

A

Tricuspid valve

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12
Q

What is the name of the blood vessel which carries deoxygenated blood from the right atrium and where does it take it?

A

Pulmonary arteries (starts as one and branches off to right and left lungs) (the ONLY artery which carried deox blood) through to the lungs

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13
Q

What’s the name of the valve which separates the right atrium from the pulmonary artery?

A

Pulmonary valve

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14
Q

What is the blood vessel which flows into the left atrium?

A

Pulmonary vein (filled with oxygenated blood straight from the lungs)

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15
Q

What’s the valve which separates the left atrium and ventricle

A

Mitral valve (bicuspid valve)

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16
Q

Which blood vessel carries blood from the left ventricle and where does it go?

A

Aorta - oxygenated blood to the rest of the body

17
Q

What’s the name of the valve which separates the left ventricle and aorta?

A

Aortic valve

18
Q

What is the SA node and where is it.

A

Sino atrial node, right atrium wall - sends electrical impulses to the AV node and the left atrium- the conductor of the heartbeat orchestra

19
Q

What happens after the electrical Impulse leaves the SA node?

A

The Impulse travels through atria to AV (atrioventricular) node which sits at the junction between atrium and ventricle (so it affects both sides of the heart) and forwards the electrical impulses to both ventricles

20
Q

Describe the journey of the Impulse after it leaves the AV node

A

Sent through atrioventricular bundles (BUNDLE OF his) in the wall between both ventricles, separates out into right and left bundles and travels down through the inferior ventricular walls through the purkinje fibres

21
Q

What happens during diastole?

A

The ventricles fill as the heart is relaxing after its contraction

22
Q

What happens during systolic?

A

The heart contracts to pump the blood out of the full ventricles

23
Q

Which valves are open during diastole?

A

Tricuspid valve (between R atrium and ventricle) and mitral valve (between l atrium and ventricle)

24
Q

What valves are open during systole

A

Pulmonary valve (r ventricle to pulmonary artery) and aortic valve (l ventricle to aorta)

25
Q

What is the systemic and pulmonary circuits

A

Systemic is blood carried to and from the body
Pulmonary is blood carried to and from the gas exchange in the lungs (heart to lungs and vice versa circuit)

26
Q

What does each cardiac cycle consist of?

A

Atrial systole, ventricular systole,complete cardiac diastole

27
Q

What is the name for the circulation of blood which the heart needs to function?

A

Coronary circulation

28
Q

Within coronary circulation, which blood vessels supply the heart?

A

Coronary arteries and cardiac veins

29
Q

Within the coronary circulation, which blood vessel carries deoxygenated blood from the heart itself into the right atrium?

A

Coronary sinus

Structure and Function (18 decks)

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