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Structure and Function > Nervous system > Flashcards

Nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 main sections of the nervous system?

A

Central and peripheral

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2
Q

What is the peripheral nervous system made up from

A

Cranial nerves, spinal nerves and sensory organs

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3
Q

What are the main components of the central nervous systems?

A

Brain and spinal cord

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4
Q

What is the main function of the Cns

A

Processes and integrates information

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5
Q

What is the main function of the PNS

A

Carries impulses between the CNS and the rest of our body

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6
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there? Name them?

A

31: 8 cervical nerves, 12 thoracic nerves, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, 1 coccygeal

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7
Q

How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?

A

12

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8
Q

Which spinal nerves form the cervical plexus?

A

C1-4

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9
Q

Which spinal nerves form the brachial plexus?

A

C5-8 and T1

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10
Q

What is the difference between the somatic and autonomic nervous systems

A

Both part of PNS: somatic is voluntary _ control of skeletal muscles, autonomic is involuntary and controls smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands

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11
Q

In the autonomic nervous system, what is the sypathetic and parasympathetic systems

A

Sympathetic takes control during fight or flight and stimulates activity, parasympathetic inhibits activity mostly and is rest and relax stage

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12
Q

List some functions of sympathetic nerves

A

Dilate pupils, vasodilation, raise heart beat, increase respiration rate, inhibit digestion, inhibit urination and salivation

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13
Q

List some functions of the parasympathetic nerves

A

Constrict pupils, stimulate saliva, decrease heartbeat, vasoconstriction, stimulate digestion and urination

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14
Q

What are the two types of processes emanating from the neuron?

A

Axons and dendrites

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15
Q

What is the function of axons and dendrites

A

Axons conduct impulses away from cell body, dendrites are short and receive impulses from other neurons and transmit them to cell body

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16
Q

What is the function of the Myelin sheath

A

Protects, insulates the axon of the neuron and speeds up transmission of nerve impulses

17
Q

What are efferent neurons?

A

MOTOR OR DESCCENDING neurons which carry nerve impulses from the CNS to the PNS - muscles, glands and organs

18
Q

What are afferent neurons

A

SENSORY neurons which carry nerve impulses from the PNS to the CNS

19
Q

What is a synapse

A

The site where axons connect to other cells

20
Q

How do nerve impulses travel?

A

Chemicals called neurotransmitters are released at the end of axons, there is a gap or cleft between the neurons called the synaptic cletf - these neurotransmitters pass across this gap into the reception site of another neuron

21
Q

Which part of the neuron do the neurotransmitters pass into.?

A

The receptor site in the dendrites of the post synaptic neuron

22
Q

Name 3 examples of neurotransmitters

A

Dopamine, adrenaline, acetylcholine

23
Q

What is the place where bundles of neurotransmitters can be found in the axons called

A

Synaptic vesicle

24
Q

How does the action potential move down the axon?

A

When one segment of thr axon becomes demoralised, it causes the next section to be demoralised so the wave of decolonisation moves down the axon

25
Q

What is the node of ranvier

A

ranvierthe gap between each section of myelin Sheath on the axon

26
Q

What 4 factors affect the speed of the nerve impulse?

A

Strength of stimulus
Diameter of axon
Thickness of myelin Sheath
Temperature

27
Q

What is action potential

A

When the cell is depolarised (the extracellular charge becomes negative) this creates an action potential or impulse

28
Q

What is the leaping motion done by nerve impulses as they travel along the axon from one node of ranvier to another called?

A

Saltatory conduction

29
Q

Which nerves are in the posterior of the spinal column?

A

Sensory

30
Q

Which nerves are in the anterior of the spinal column

A

Motor

31
Q

What are the 3 ,ain’t sensory pathways or tracts.

A

Posterior column pathway
Spinocerebellar pathway
Spinothalamic pathway

32
Q

What impulses does the posterior column pathway carry

A

Carries fine sensations and proprioception

33
Q

What impulses does the spinocerebellar tract transport

A

From posterior and anterior to the cerebellum - gives crude and fine touch, proprioception

34
Q

What impulses does the spinothalamic tract transport

A

Anterior and lateral - sensory information to the thalamus - pain, temperature and crude touch

Structure and Function (18 decks)

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